27/06/2025
In a groundbreaking experiment, scientists from Shanghai Jiao Tong University have created healthy, fertile mice using genetic material from two male parents—an unprecedented achievement in mammalian biology.
The team led by Professor Yanchang Wei used a process that involved taking s***m cells from two male mice and inserting them into an enucleated egg (an egg whose nucleus has been removed).
Normally, embryos require both maternal and paternal genomic imprinting to develop properly.
To overcome the absence of maternal DNA, scientists employed epigenetic reprogramming, editing seven key imprinting control regions in one of the s***m genomes to mimic the maternal epigenetic markers.
Out of 259 embryos implanted into surrogate mothers, only two male mice survived and matured into adulthood.
Despite the low success rate (~0.8%), the achievement was scientifically significant: both mice were fertile and went on to reproduce naturally with female mice, passing on their genes.
This experiment proves that it is biologically possible for mammals to be born from two fathers, although there are still major challenges—such as low efficiency, the complexity of imprinting mechanisms, and ethical concerns when considering potential human application.
Scientists caution that while the study expands our understanding of mammalian reproduction, the technique is far from ready for any use in humans due to both technical and ethical barriers.