20/07/2025
Russia is rapidly expanding its drone manufacturing capabilities at the Alabuga Special Economic Zone in Yelabuga, Tatarstan, focusing on mass production of Shahed-type drones used in attacks on Ukraine. The plant, launched in 2023 and operated under the cover of “Albatross” company, has grown significantly—adding over 163 hectares of new industrial territory and another 30 hectares planned for dormitories for foreign workers and students.
Hundreds of students, some as young as 15–17 years old, from Alabuga Polytechnic College are involved in manual assembly of drones. Additionally, a recruitment initiative known as “Alabuga Start” has brought in young women (aged 18–22) from African and Asian countries. These women were promised education and job opportunities, only to be assigned to long shifts involving toxic chemicals, with strict surveillance and limited rights. Reports suggest that over 300 foreign nationals are currently involved in drone manufacturing at the site.
Despite Western sanctions, many of the drones’ electronic components originate from the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Internal investigations revealed that engines are often sourced from China, while microchips and integrated circuits come from manufacturers such as Texas Instruments, Xilinx (AMD), Analog Devices, and others. These parts often reach Russia through intermediaries in countries like Turkey, Kazakhstan, India, Vietnam, and the UAE.
The Alabuga plant has become not just a weapons factory, but a case study in labor exploitation, sanctions evasion, and militarized civilian infrastructure.
Sources from the Main Intelligence Directorate (HUR ) told journalists that as of mid-May 2025, Russia was producing around 170 Shahed-type drones per day, including decoy variants. By the end of the year, Russia aims to increase production to 190 drones daily.
According to HUR, the main limiting factor for further drone production growth in Russia is a shortage of labor. That is why people are being brought to Yelabuga from other countries, including nations in Africa and Central Asia.
