GMK Center World

04/11/2025

💰Iron ore prices fluctuated within a limited range in October. On the Dalian Commodity Exchange, January futures rose 2% between September 30 and October 31, to $112.31/t, while on the Singapore Exchange, December contracts added 0.9% in price, ending the month at $106.2/t: https://gmk.center/en/news/iron-ore-ended-october-in-a-narrow-range-amid-mixed-signals/

03/11/2025

🇪🇸In September 2025, Spanish steelmakers increased steel production by 10.8% compared to the previous month to 886 thousand tons.

Thus, the country is ranked 15th in the global ranking of steel-producing countries: https://gmk.center/en/news/spain-increased-steel-production-by-11-m-m-in-september/

31/10/2025

🇪🇺🇺🇦Considering its economic future, the European Union should no longer see Ukraine as an external (third) country. With its vast agricultural potential, critical raw materials, industrial base, skilled workforce, and growing digital sector, Ukraine is not a peripheral economy – it is a real strategic economic partner, and the EU stands to gain from closer future integration.

About cooperation between Ukraine and the EU – told Andrii Glushchenko, Analyst of GMK Center⬇️

Ukraine’s accession would be a growth opportunity for the EU

30/10/2025

🇪🇺In January-August 2025, the European Union reduced imports of direct reduced iron (DRI) by 24.8% compared to the same period in 2024, to 1.44 million tons.

The main importers of direct reduced iron among EU countries in the period were:
🇮🇹Italy – 683.59 thousand tons;
🇦🇹Austria – 237.87 thousand tons;
🇪🇸Spain – 172.99 thousand tons: https://gmk.center/en/news/the-eu-reduced-imports-of-direct-reduced-iron-by-24-8-y-y-in-january-august/

29/10/2025

🇫🇷In September 2025, French steel enterprises reduced steel production by 20.8% compared to September 2024, to 730 thousand tons.

Thus, the country ranks 19th in the global ranking of steel-producing countries: https://gmk.center/en/news/france-cut-steel-production-by-20-8-y-y-in-september/

28/10/2025

🇹🇷In September 2025, Turkish steel enterprises increased steel production by 3.2% compared to September 2024 and reduced it by 6% compared to the previous month, to 3.19 million tons: https://gmk.center/en/news/turkey-reduced-steel-production-by-6-m-m-in-september/

27/10/2025

☑️The expected production capacity of the enterprise is 2 million tons of HBI per year.

The expected production capacity of the enterprise is 2 million tons of HBI per year

24/10/2025

✅If the carbon tax is earmarked, Ukraine will collect €102 billion needed to meet its 2030 climate targets under NDC-2 over 88 years. This is assuming that 50% of capital needs will be covered by government instruments.

These calculations are provided by the GMK Center in its study “Carbon Pricing and Financing Decarbonization in Ukraine and the EU.”⬇️

At the same time, the carbon burden on the economy will be higher than in the fourth phase of the EU ETS

23/10/2025

🌐Global steel production in September 2025 decreased by 1.6% compared to the same month in 2024 to 141.8 million tons.

The top three steel-producing countries in September 2025, according to World Steel Association:
🇨🇳China – 73.5 million tons;
🇮🇳India – 13.6 million tons;
🇺🇸USA – 6.9 million tons.

🇺🇦In September 2025, Ukraine produced 611 thousand tons of steel, which is 0.2% more y./y.

23/10/2025

🇮🇹According to the results of September 2025, Italian steel enterprises increased steel production by 4.3% compared to September 2024, to 1.88 million tons.

During January-September, steel production by Italian steelmakers increased by 3.2% compared to January-September 2024, to 15.54 million tons: https://gmk.center/en/news/italy-increased-steel-production-by-2-3-times-m-m-in-september/

22/10/2025

🇨🇳In September 2025, Chinese steel companies reduced steel production by 4.6% compared to September 2024, to 73.49 million tons.

This is the fourth consecutive decline in monthly smelting volume, resulting in steel production for January-September of this year falling to 746.25 million tons (-2.9% y/y). This was due to both the holiday season and limited market demand: https://gmk.center/en/news/china-cuts-steel-production-to-73-million-tons-in-september/

21/10/2025

🇵🇱🇺🇦Since the first year of the war, Poland has become Ukraine’s main logistics and transit center for exports and imports, as well as a supplier of critical products for the functioning of the state and the entire economy. Partly thanks to this, along with the contributions of migrant workers and refugees, Poland is showing economic growth above the European average: https://gmk.center/en/posts/what-economic-benefits-poland-derives-from-trade-with-ukraine/