26/01/2016
Excerpts from an article by Abul A'la Maudoodi
"As to the question of a person being in fact a believer or not, it is not the task of any human being to decide it. This matter is directly to do with God, and it is He Who shall decide it on the day of Judgment. As for people, if they have to decide anything it is only this: Which person, according to the distinctive signs of the followers of Islam, as laid down by God and His Messenger, is within the borders of Islam, and which person has gone outside them. For this purpose, the things which have been taught to us as the foundations of Islam are the following:
Islam is that thou bear witness that there is none to be worshipped except Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, and that thou should keep up prayer, and pay the Zakaat, and fast in Ramadaan, and perform the pilgrimage to the House of God if thou art able to do it." (Muslim, Abu Da'ud, Tirmizi, Nasa'i)
These are the marks of the borders of Islam. As to those who are within these borders, we are commanded to treat them as Muslims. No one has the right to expel them from the community. As to those who have gone outside these borders, we must deal with them as required by Islamic teachings. In neither case are we empowered to judge what is in the heart. Our work is to look at the outward only, and what of us, even the Messenger of Allah in this matter looked only at the outward. Hence, Bukhari and Muslim agree on the report that once Ali sent some money from Yemen to the Holy Prophet, and the Holy Prophet divided it among four men. At this a man who was there said: "O Messenger of Allah, fear Allah!"
The Holy Prophet said:
"Woe to thee! Who on earth is more obliged to fear God than me!"
Khalid Ibn Walid was present. He said:
"Messenger of Allah, should I not kill him?"
The Holy Prophet said:
"No, perhaps he says his prayers."
Khalid said:
"Many are they who say their prayers, but do not have in their hearts what they say with their tongues."
The Holy Prophet said:
"I have not been commanded to open up the hearts of people or to cut open their insides."
Imam Shafi'i and Ahmad in their Musnads and Imam Malik in the Mu'atta have recorded the report that once a man from among the Ansar was talking confidentially with the Holy Prophet. Suddenly the Holy Prophet said loudly [about someone]:
"Does he not bear witness that there is no god but Allah?"
The Ansari said:
"Yes indeed, O Messenger of Allah, but his testimony cannot be trusted."
The Holy Prophet said:
"Does he not accept that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah?"
He again replied:
"Yes, he professes it but his profession cannot be trusted."
The Holy Prophet said:
"Does he not pray?"
He again said:
"Yes he does, but his prayer cannot be trusted."
The Holy Prophet said:
"God has forbidden me to kill such people."