Harvard International Review

Harvard International Review America's first barcoded international relations journal. Find us on newsstands or follow us for inci Notable alumni of the undergraduate staff include Philip A.

The Harvard International Review (HIR) is an undergraduate online and quarterly print publication of international relations, with content contributed by the world's leading experts as well as staff writers. The HIR features under-appreciated topics in the international affairs discourse and novel perspectives on more widely discussed topics. The publication is a source of critical analysis, disti

nguishing itself from other publications by serving as a forum for academic debate, applying theory to case studies, analyzing historical trends, and making informed predictions. The HIR has readership spanning six continents and can be found at newsstands and major bookstores. The HIR has featured contributions from a number of established scholars and policymakers from around the world, including Nelson Mandela, Aung San Suu Kyi, Jeffrey Sachs, Paul Krugman, Condoleezza Rice, Amartya Sen, Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton, Ban Ki-Moon, Benazir Bhutto, Al Gore, Kofi Annan, and The Dalai Lama. Brimmer, Bernard Hebda, Congresswoman Elizabeth Esty, Simpsons writer Jeff Martin, Marc Rotenberg, Phillip Steck, and David Laibson.

“It is better to die on your feet than live on your knees.”So reads the most famous quote attributed to Emiliano Zapata,...
07/21/2025

“It is better to die on your feet than live on your knees.”

So reads the most famous quote attributed to Emiliano Zapata, a peasant farmer-turned-guerrilla who fought in the Mexican Revolution. His words are indicative of the drama and complexity of the destructive conflict, which lasted from 1910 to 1920. Although it killed more than a million civilians and soldiers, replaced one authoritarian government with another, and spilled over into the neighboring United States, the Revolution nevertheless remains a compelling symbol in Mexican politics. Revolutionary figures like Zapata and Pancho Villa are often portrayed as dashing folk heroes tragically cut down in their prime, and future president Claudia Sheinbaum urged supporters to “recover the essence of the Mexican Revolution” while campaigning in the 2024 presidential election.

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Earth Force Technologies positions itself at the intersection of sustainability and innovation. What global problem is y...
06/17/2025

Earth Force Technologies positions itself at the intersection of sustainability and innovation. What global problem is your company specifically trying to solve, and how does your approach differ from existing solutions?

I’ve worked in the climate sphere for the past 25 years. I spent the first 15 years in renewable energy—back when wind and solar were niche—helping those sectors grow both as a project developer in the private sector and in clean energy policy, which involved lobbying, drafting legislation, and securing public support for ballot measures.

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In the Netherlands, known for its effective water management, a political tsunami ensued after an unprecedented victory ...
06/17/2025

In the Netherlands, known for its effective water management, a political tsunami ensued after an unprecedented victory by the far-right Party for Freedom (PVV) in the November 2023 parliamentary elections. After six months of new coalition negotiations, the new Dutch government was sworn into office on July 2, 2024; the majority coalition consists of the PVV, ex-prime minister Mark Rutte’s People’s Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD), the populist Farmer Citizen Movement (BBB), and the centrist New Social Contract party (NSC). The swearing-in of Prime Minister Dick Schoof marked a monumental end to the 14 years of Rutte’s tenure. The longest-serving Dutch prime minister to date, Rutte led four coalition governments between 2010 and 2023 before the most recent coalition government split on July 8, 2023. Coalition parties disagreed on asylum policies, with some objecting to Rutte’s proposal to restrict the scope for immigrant families to reunite, leading in large part to the collapse.

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Western media have historically neglected Central Asia as a region, and it is even hard to find information on female po...
06/17/2025

Western media have historically neglected Central Asia as a region, and it is even hard to find information on female political leaders. Many Central Asian countries still ban women from joining certain professions and have discriminatory laws that prevent women from inheriting money or property. Many of these nations also have extreme economic inequality, which often results in a select few women from wealthy families holding positions of power within the government. When female representation consists only of socioeconomic elites, it can create a false sense of representation, when in reality average women have no representation or access to the government. Strong authoritarian governments, like those in Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, also prevent pluralism that could allow women to gain more power. This article highlights women from five Central Asian countries who either recently or currently hold positions of power, analyzing their roles and overall influence in government.

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On May 9, 2023, Imran Khan, former Prime Minister of Pakistan, was arrested while on bail. Transported by “unknown peopl...
06/16/2025

On May 9, 2023, Imran Khan, former Prime Minister of Pakistan, was arrested while on bail. Transported by “unknown people to an unknown location,” as described by Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) spokesperson Fawad Chaudry, Khan was detained for multiple corruption charges. A year before the arrest Khan had been ousted from office through a no-confidence motion and Shehbad Sharif, the current Prime Minister, took the office.

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Leo Varadkar served as Taoiseach (Prime Minister) of Ireland from 2017 to 2020 and again from 2022 to 2024. He previousl...
06/16/2025

Leo Varadkar served as Taoiseach (Prime Minister) of Ireland from 2017 to 2020 and again from 2022 to 2024. He previously held senior cabinet roles in Health, Social Protection, Enterprise, and Transport over a 13-year ministerial career. A qualified medical doctor and graduate of Trinity College Dublin, he is also a member of Ireland’s Council of State. Varadkar was the first openly gay Taoiseach and one of Ireland’s youngest leaders. In Spring 2025, he was named a Hauser Leader at the Harvard Kennedy School Center for Public Leadership.

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Rufus Gifford served as the US Ambassador to Denmark from 2013 to 2017 and later as Chief of Protocol of the United Stat...
06/16/2025

Rufus Gifford served as the US Ambassador to Denmark from 2013 to 2017 and later as Chief of Protocol of the United States from 2022 to 2023. He was also the Deputy Campaign Manager for Joe Biden’s 2020 presidential campaign, where he focused on fundraising and international outreach. Gifford earned his bachelor’s degree in philosophy from Brown University.

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For a country with the largest Muslim population in the world, the claim by Indonesia’s former Vice President Jusuf Kall...
05/01/2025

For a country with the largest Muslim population in the world, the claim by Indonesia’s former Vice President Jusuf Kalla, responding to revelations of mass detention of Uighurs in Xinjiang in 2018, that his country did not “want to intervene in the domestic affairs” of China was understandably troubling. Faced, at the time, with a US administration which was chronically absent from Southeast Asia, the Indonesian leader behaved in a way which characterized his country’s strategic trend over the last decade: a gradual but noticeable de-alignment with the United States and injection into China’s orbit.

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The rise of far-right politicians to power has considerably increased over the past few years across most developed demo...
04/19/2025

The rise of far-right politicians to power has considerably increased over the past few years across most developed democracies. In Europe, for example, the prominence of Alternative for Germany (AfD) and France’s National Rally has increased radically, winning parliamentary and state elections. Much of their success is owed to young male voters who make up a significant portion of their constituencies.

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Halla Tómasdóttir is an Icelandic business leader and changemaker who became the president of Iceland on August 1, 2024....
04/13/2025

Halla Tómasdóttir is an Icelandic business leader and changemaker who became the president of Iceland on August 1, 2024. With a background in human resources and organizational development at M&M/Mars and Pepsi Cola, she later played a key role in shaping Reykjavík University’s executive education and women’s empowerment initiatives. She was the first female CEO of the Iceland Chamber of Commerce and co-founded Auður Capital, a pioneering investment firm promoting responsible finance. Halla also helped lead Iceland’s post-crisis dialogue through the National Assembly of 2009 and chaired the global gender equality summit WE2015. From 2018 to 2024, she served as CEO of The B Team, advocating for sustainable and inclusive business practices worldwide.

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In January 2025, Meta announced that it would discontinue its third-party fact-checking program and instead move to a co...
04/12/2025

In January 2025, Meta announced that it would discontinue its third-party fact-checking program and instead move to a community notes model based on user input. The change, coinciding with President Trump’s inauguration, raises many questions about the careful balance between freedom of speech, censorship, and accessibility of reliable information in an increasingly digital era.

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