Mid-Atlantic Antique Radio Club - MAARC

09/23/2025

I personally just finished a very busy weekend, all vintage electronics related. On Thursday my wife and I drove from our home in Seaford, DE to Kutztown, PA. That (and Friday) evening, we had dinner with some fellow MAARC members, one who lives near Rochester, NY, one who lives near Atlanta, GA, and the third fellow who lives in (of all places considering were we have most of our in person MAARC meetings) Davidsonville, MD.

On Friday morning, we pulled up into the vendor check-in line at the Delaware Valley Historic Radio Club's Kutztown Radio & Audio Show. This show has grown to one of the largest radio shows in the country, attracting collectors and dealers from all over the US. The twice a year event (May and September) was held under the covered pavilions at Renninger's Antiques and Farmer's Market on Nobel Road in Kutztown, PA.

The fellow in the car behind me saw the magnetic Mid-Atlantic Antique Radio Club 'bumper sticker' on the back of my car, got out, walked to my window, and said "You must be Dave? I'm John Wise." If you follow these posts you know John C. Wise responds to a good number of them. We talked for quite some time while he showed me a slew of the items he brought to sell at the event. I got to put a face to someone I have come to know virtually quite well.

We set up shortly thereafter, and had a great time both Friday and Saturday. The weather was perfect, and the show allowed us to catch up with fellow MAARC members and other vintage electronic enthusiasts from all over the East Coast. We made some new friends as well. To top it off, we sold over a $1,000 worth of vacuum tubes. Arriving home on Saturday evening, we treated some of our out-of-town MAARC members to dinner, and then chit-chatted about you-name-what until it was time to rest.

On Sunday, we all drove to the monthly MAARC meeting. Again, the weather blessed us. There was quite a selection of tailgate flea market items on display, and the walk around auction featured some very interesting stuff. The meeting included our annual financial review, elections for officers and board members to serve for one-year terms, a show-and-tell, a presentation on the SPARC vintage radio museum located near Vancouver, British Columbia, and our main auction. The auction was highlighted by the sale of a Catalin Fada radio that went for just over $200 dollars. My auction purchases were minimal, but to my surprise, a box lot of parts included an Elmenco Fused Plug (see photo), an item we addressed in a post earlier this month.

The MAARC elections brought in some new members to new positions. MAARC president (for the past 9 years) John Begg, who has served the club exceptionally through COVID and the RadioActivity crisis when our go-to hotel abruptly closed for business only months before the event, stepped down to serve on the board. MAARC Vice President Dave Rossetti (that's me) was elected to take his place. I will do my best to continue in John's footsteps and do what it takes to keep our club strong.

Our next monthly meeting on October 19th in Davidsonville is our Radio FallFest event (see photo). This event will focus on the buying and selling of vintage electronics of all types. We already have a trailer full of estate items lined up for the auctions. Come join us.

09/22/2025

Today's post provides the answers to Sunday's Coil Function Quiz.

Here's the background: "Here is a quick, 10-question "Coil Function Quiz" about common coil (inductors) applications, common at least in 1962 when it appeared in the June issue of Popular Electronics magazine by Robert P. Balin. Don't be scared off by the vacuum tubes that appear in three drawings (we don't think this group will be). Just pretend they are transistors - it won't affect your answers. One of the coil applications is almost obsolete for most people as the nature of computer monitors and TV screens has changed significantly in the last decade, so CRTs are rarely seen. If you are one of the dwindling numbers of people who own and maintain vintage equipment, this probably will not present much of a challenge."

So, onto the quiz: "Coils used in electronic circuits often acquire special names which roughly describe their chief function. See if you can match coil drawings A - J (see photo) with the "names".

Did you earn honorable mention?

09/21/2025

It's Sunday - Quiz Day! Today we present the Coil Function Quiz.

Here is some background: "Here is a quick, 10-question "Coil Function Quiz" about common coil (inductors) applications, common at least in 1962 when it appeared. Don't be scared off by the vacuum tubes that appear in three drawings. Just pretend they are transistors - it won't affect your answers. One of the coil applications is almost obsolete for most people as the nature of computer monitors and TV screens has changed significantly in the last decade, so CRTs are rarely seen. If you are one of the dwindling numbers of people who own and maintain vintage equipment, this probably will not present much of a challenge."

So, onto the quiz: "Coils used in electronic circuits often acquire special names which roughly describe their chief function. See if you can match coil drawings A - J (see photo) with the "names".

We will provide the answers tomorrow. Don't forget to submit your answers as a comment.

09/20/2025

A short post for today from the MARCH 1991 "MAARC Newsletter." It comes from the Tidbits section, and reads as follows:

Gordon Symonds reports that to remove shallow scratches and abrasions from Bakelite panels and to restore them to a beautiful mirror finish, use polishing compound #72 available from MAARC Vice President Ed Lyon.

The procedure is simple - wash the panel with a mild soap and hot water to remove dirt and grime. Then wet the bar of polishing compound with alcohol (I use a squeeze-type plastic "wash bottle") and rub a small amount of the compound on a soft rag. Gently polish with a circular motion keeping the cloth damp with alcohol. Finish by washing the panel again and then polishing with a clean, dry cloth.

I suspect that, when used in this manner, bar of polishing compound will last a hundred years or so."

So, what is "polishing compound #72"? I did an Internet search to no avail, but I did find out that polishing compounds generally come in colors, with different colors indicating different coarseness grades.

Black (Emery): A very aggressive compound for "cutting" or removing deep scratches on steel, stainless steel, and other hard metals.

Brown (Tripoli): Less coarse than black, this is a general-purpose cutting and polishing compound for softer metals like aluminum, copper, and brass.

White (Rouge): A finer-grade compound used to remove light scratches and create a high luster on hard metals and stainless steel.

Green (Rouge): An intermediate finishing compound for stainless steel and other hard metals. It produces a mirror-like finish.

Blue (Rouge): A milder finishing compound, often used for plastics, aluminum, and other non-ferrous metals to produce a final, high-reflectivity polish.

Red (Jeweler's Rouge): A very fine polishing compound used for precious metals like gold and silver to bring out a brilliant shine.

So, I emailed Ed Lyon. He promptly responded.

"I am not current on what the formulations are, but I have a supply of cutting compound and polishing compound, which I had made up for me by an outfit in New England. All this was back in the late 80s or early 90s. I just checked and I seem to have four or five huge bars of the cutting compound and probably have some polishing compound behind the cutting compound. I had the company make their minimum run of the two compounds, and Gordie is right. A bar of cutting compound, which is what he was describing will last a person his entire life. If I come to the next meet in Davidsonville, and I think I shall, I’ll bring some.

But Gordie is in slight error in his description of polishing/cleaning. You should not use ordinary soap, which is slightly caustic (pH is elevated). Caustic alkaline products, like soap and many of the formulations of GoJo , attack Catalin and Bakelite, rendering it cloudy and unpolished. They probably do not attack most other plastics. A wetting agent is sufficient to loosen dirt, so I would use a soap made for infants, available in most grocery stores."

Well imagine that. After a mere 34 years, Gordie's advice still holds. To get polishing compound #72, contact Ed Lyon. I am sure this will end up being a Show-and-Tell topic at our next meeting.

09/19/2025

A little bit of catch-up for today's post.

I somehow missed that MAARC members John Foell and Dave Harris both had perfect scores on the 7 September Electronic Units Quiz. John had this to say: "Some of these are easy and some go back to "paleoelectric" days...anyhow here are my guesses. I am figuring H is a tuning fork and A is the scope as I have one "calibrated" in volts/inch. The real guesser is "D" - some kind of insulating tape?"

Paleoelectric? I like that. Sorry guys for not acknowledging your spot on guesses, ahh, I mean answers.

MAARC Facebook follower John C Wise had this to say about the 10 September post on Armstrong's Tower:

"What a story! The Armstrong Alpine Tower saved the day for NYC TV after 9-11. On a side note: some years ago an outfit in commemoration of Armstrong's first FM, put on the air a broadcast transmitted in the old FM band by FCC permission." I wonder how many folks were able to listen in on that broadcast via a vintage old FM band radio. Did you John?

John also had this to say about the push-pull output issues addressed in our 12 September post:

"I solved all the issues of current balance and mutual conductance differences in the power tubes used in push-pull outputs. By being able to unbalance the +/- drive from the phase inverter and being able to adjust the current balance with bias control, even though there is a cathode biasing resistor. (see my schematic/photo)" Thanks for that John.

We had some additional Facebook follower comments regarding the 13 September post on the "SAFE OPERATION OF OLD RADIOS." John C Wise stated "It's a good thing to run old radios on lowered line voltage. Less stress on the tubes and other heat generating parts and you will get longer life expectancy from the old electronics." John Harvie said: "I also suggest use of a soft start device known as a NTC thermistor to help briefly decrease current inrush into cold tube filaments.
Here is a 2015 link to devices made by TDK -https://docs.rs-online.com/e95e/0900766b814e822e.pdf
All the very best." Finally, Rudy Oglethorpe suggested you "Buy a Variac." We thank you for your comments.

We set a new record of 8 for the number of folks who responded to last Sunday's Electronics Number Quiz, plus had some great comments. Sam Johnson asked "How is the speaker C .. 3.2 ?", to which John C Wise stated "That was the normal Impedance for most all the 5 tube table radios made." and VE7DQS - Ralph stated "some voice coils used to be 3.2 ohms. I don't recall why. Possibly due to a standard turns ratio on available audio frequency (AF) output transformers of the era." Jonathan Cohen also stated that "3.2 volts was a common voltage for pilot lights. and 47 was a common value (at each decade) for capacitors. (It is 2/3 of the way between 10 and 100, logarithmically.)" All said, we give honorable mention to John Wise, VE7DQS - Ralph, Dave Harris, Charlie Scarborough, Ed Lyon, Bob Schmitz, and John Foell.

As an FYI, I got this message today via email. "Effective January 1st, 2026, Antique Electronic Supply will be merging into her sister company, Amplified Parts (https://www.amplifiedparts.com/) So what does this mean for you as an AES customer? The short answer? Very little. Antique Electronic Supply and Amplified Parts are sister companies in name and have been since Amplified Parts was founded in 2007. Both companies are run from the same building, with the same employees, and providing the same products and services. Nothing will change for you in product availability and offerings, pricing, customer service, or operation. Your user account, order history, projects, and everything else will be moved over to Amplified Parts. For users of Antique Electronic Supply, we will also be providing a custom "theme" which will format the Amplified Parts website to look like Antique Electronic Supply so that your experience is as uninterrupted as possible."

I think that about wraps it up.

09/18/2025

Today's post addresses a few of the items approved at last Sunday's MAARC Board Meeting. The first line of business was to approve the slate of candidates for next Sunday's elections.

After 9 years of service, MAARC President John Begg has chosen to step down from that position. He will continue to serve on the Board of Directors, and will continue to coordinate our Radio Rescue Squad that he established. Let us not forget that he was at the helm during the COVID pandemic, and led us the crisis when our go-to hotel for RadioActivity 2023 closed for business only months before the event. Thank you John for your service as MAARC President.

Here are the candidate nominees the board approved for next year's service to the club:

Officers:
President: Dave Rossetti
Vice-President: Bob Schmitz
Treasurer: Rod Matzko

Directors (not fewer than three nor more than twelve):
1. John Begg (Radio Rescue Squad and meeting breakdown coordinator)
2. Brian Belanger (liaison with the National Capital Radio and TV Museum and meeting setup coordinator)
3. Bruce Pellicot
4. Ed Lyon ("Radio Age" editor)
5. Eric Stenberg (event flyer editor)
6. JoAnna Fabro (Meeting presentation coordinator)
7. Domi Sanchez ("Radio Age" editor and big event auction assistant)
8. Randy Warren (taking on the role of Auction Manager, and continuing as the Show and Tell coordinator and Capacitor Sales)
9. Joe Meagher (liaison with the National Electronic Museum)
10. Wyatt Circo (joining the board and continuing to serve as the Membership Chairperson)
11. Steve McAllister (Tube Sales)
12. Tom Miccolis

If you can't make it in person to next Sunday's (September 21st) MAARC meeting, please consider joining us interactively via Zoom (for MAARC members IAW the eBlast guidance) or live via Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/MAARCDavidsonville/). The meeting will start at 1:00 PM Eastern.

The board has also approved a new location for our June RadioActivity 2026 Vintage Electronics Expo. Thanks to the recommendation of MAARC member Tom Shearer to check it out, the event will take place starting on Thursday evening, June 4th through Saturday June 6th at the Crowne Plaza hotel in Annapolis, MD. This hotel is conveniently located just off of Route 50/301 across from Annapolis Mall. The hotel will be offering guest room rates at $149 (plus tax) a night, which are as good or better than any rates we have seen in this general area over the past few years. The hotel has a restaurant and is located adjacent to three other restaurants. The Crowne Plaza will cordon off 50 parking spots behind the hotel for outdoor vending, and can facilitate limited indoor vending as well. The main ballroom will facilitate our auctions, banquet, and Old Equipment Contest (OEC). The Crowne Plaza has offered us rates that are significantly below the rates we have been paying for the event.

The theme for RadioActivity 2026 will be "Vacuum Tube Technology" which will focus on how the development of Vacuum Tube Technology affected the development of radio and other technologies (including such things as Hi-Fi, radar, television, and computers). We are still working on OEC category descriptions, but believe we will have Magnavox and Channel Master products as filling two of those categories.

So, mark your calendars and plan on joining us for RadioActivity 2026.

MAARC is a club for those dedicated to collecting, restoring, and preserving vintage electronics, including radio, television, hi-fi, vacuum tube, electronic test equipment, tube audio, and yes, vintage computers and computer games.

09/17/2025

As the days shorten and the temperatures drop as we move into fall, you may be considering more bench time projects. Here is one you may want to consider. It comes to us from the March 1991 "MAARC Newsletter," is entitled "AM Transmitter For Use With Old Receivers With Integral Audio Oscillator," and was written by Curtis Marshall.

"Tube-type phono oscillators were popular from the late '30s through the '50s. A phono oscillator is a low-power miniature AM transmitter. You connect the output from a phonograph or microphone to the phono oscillator input. The phono oscillator broadcasts the signal over a radio tuned to a quiet spot on the dial. With one of these devices, you can listen to your old Fibber McGee and Mollie cassette tapes on your cathedral or tombstone radio. Curtis MarshalI's design (see photo) incorporates a built-in audio oscillator that can be switched in or out of the circuit to make it easier to tune in (zero-beat) the device on your antique radio dial. For another construction article on phono oscillators, see Nevell Greenough's article on p. 6 of the July 1988 "MAARC Newsletter."

- L 1 - L2 are wound on a 1.25" diameter coil form with L2 outside of L1.
- L1 Is 130 turns of #28 enameled wire, single layer about 2 Inches long.
- L2 Is 20 turns of #26 enameled wire with a tap 5 turns from the end which goes to the base of the 2N218 oscillator transistor.
- The tuning coil/capacitor combination can be anything which covers the broadcast band and can be capacitor or slug tuned.
- The audio oscillator provides a constant whistle-like note so that It is easy to Identify the signal when It Is tuned In.
- The range of this transmitter must be kept to a minimum to avoid Interfering with other radios. The range can be Increase by increasing the voltage of the battery supply and by increasing the length of the antenna."

I looked to see why I did not make a Facebook post on Nevell Greenough's article from the July 1988 "MAARC Newsletter" and determined that 10 pages worth of material would not have made a good post. That said, MAARC members can log into the Members Only section of the https://maarc.org/ website and access that article.

Do you have a bench project you would like to share? Send it to us for consideration as a post.

09/16/2025

Here is an interesting post from the February 1991 "MAARC Newsletter." Entitled "TUBE TALK - Interchangeable Types," it was written by Ted Hannah.

"One of the questions that Larry Williams and I are often asked as we sell tubes at our meetings is, "Can I substitute another tube type for the one I can't find?" Quite often the answer is yes--of the hundreds of types that were introduced over the years there are a fair number that are either identical or similar enough that they can be interchanged.

The list that follows is not meant to be complete. For example, it doesn't include the industrial or military (four-digit) equivalents of standard, commercial tubes. (They might be the subject of another article.) Instead, the list gives substitutions for tubes commonly found in the kinds of radios we are most likely to see. Some of these tubes, like the 35/51 and the 39/44, are dual-numbered types, meaning that different companies originally released them under different numbers that were later combined. Others, like the 6C5 and 6J5 and the 6D6 and 78, are so similar as to be virtually the same tube. Notice that the types marked with asterisks have different heater-current ratings from the tubes to be replaced. This is not a problem in parallel-connected heater circuits, but it is when the heaters are connected in series, as they are in ac/dc radios. In those cases, the ones with asterisks cannot be used.

Substituting one type of tube for another is sometimes more involved than simply plugging in the replacement tube, so a few reminders are in order:

• A glass tube that replaces a metal one might have to be shielded if it is in an RF or IF stage, and the associated tuned circuits might require a minor realignment. Shielding might be needed also in some high-gain audio stages. A touch-up of the alignment might also be necessary when going from a glass tube to a metal one in an RF or IF stage, and, oddly enough, the metal tube might need to be shielded in some Zenith models from the late '30s and early '40s. That's because Zenith, like Philco, was so committed to the use of glass tubes that it often did not ground terminal 1 (the tube shell) of the sockets; in many cases there is not even a terminal 1 on the socket. If the terminal is there but is not grounded, you can solder a ground wire to it and dispense with the tube shield (unless of course you wish to use it to preserve the original appearance of the chassis). If, however, terminal 1 is missing, you may need to use the original shield around the replacement metal tube. (Terminal 1 is immediately to the left of the locator key when looking at the bottom of the octal socket.)

• The bases of metal and GT tubes are too large to fit into the shield bases of some Philco radios from the late '30s. Here you will have to use a G-type tube.

• The lead to the grid cap sometimes won't reach to a tube much taller or shorter than the original. When replacing a G type with a GT or metal tube, you can either lengthen the lead or use Joe Koester's method, which is to slip a piece of metal tubing over the grid cap and attach the grid lead to the other end. If the tube is
shielded, the extension won't show.

Finally, this might be a good place to mention the curious case of the widely used 5Y3G and 5Y4G rectifier tubes, which are electrically identical but which have different base connections, making them noninterchangeable. One theory on how this duplication came about is that Philco, I think it was, wanted a rectifier tube that could not be replaced by an identically based one with higher ratings, like the 5Y3G can be replaced by the 5U4G, because such a substitution could overload the power transformer. Thus originated the different-based 5Y4G. But its uniqueness lasted only until the identically based but higher-rated 5X4G came along, and then the system broke down. This explanation makes some sense, but I wonder whether it's true. Another theory is that it was simply a case of one-upmanship on the part of the developers of the 5Y4G/5X4G; this is suggested by New Zealand tube expert John Stokes in his excellent book, 70 Years of Radio Tubes and Valves (1982), p. 111.
Are there any other ideas on this? Does anyone know what really happened?

INTERCHANGEABLE TUBE TYPES:
This tube(s) Can be replaced with
5AR4 GZ34
6A8/6A8G/6A8GT 6D8G*
6AQ5A 6HG5
6AT6 6AV6
6AV6 6AT6
6C5/6C5G/6C5GT 6J5/6J5G/6J5GT, 6L5G*
6C6 77
6D6 78
6G5/6H5 6U5
6HG5 6AQ5A
6J5/6J5G/6J5GT 6C5/6C5G/6C5GT, 6L5G*
6K7 /6K7G/6K7GT 6S7* /6S7G*, 6U7G
6L6/6L6G/6L6GA/6L6GB 6L6GC
6Q7 /6Q7G/6Q7GT 6T7G*
6U5 6G5/6H5
6U7G 6K7 /6K7G/6K7GT, 6S7* /6S7G*
6Z4 (84/6Z4) 84, 84/6Z4
12AT6 12AV6
12AV6 12AT6
25Y5 25Z5
25Z5 25Y5
27 56 #
35 (35/51) 51, 35/51
37 76
39 (39/44) 44, 39/44
44 (39/44) 39, 39/44
47 PZ
51 35, 35/51
76 37
77 6C6
78 6D6
84 (84/6Z4) 6Z4, 84/6Z4
GZ34 5AR4
PZ 47
* = Parallel-connected heater circuits only.
# = In RF circuits, may require realignment or reneutralization.

Notes:
1. The columns are not necessarily reversible. That is, it should not be assumed that a tube appearing in the right-hand column can be replaced by one in the left-hand column. In other words, work from left to right only.
2. In general, a tube with a suffix letter will replace one without a letter or with a lower letter."

As mentioned, this list is not complete and does not include the four-digit equivalents of standard tubes. By example, a 6AQ5 is equivalent to a 6001. Also note that some of the tube substitution books contained some equivalents that are a real stretch.

Sometimes the tube will have a different name because it passed some additional test. By example, the 1614 is a metal 6L6 that underwent a special Joint Army Navy (JAN) test. The AN 08-10-14, June 1944 specification reads "JAN-1614 is a JAN-6L6 which has passed a special radio frequency test. Not all JAN-6L6s are-given this test, but about 95% will pass it." Most of the 1614s I have seen have the 6L6 marking stamped on their base.

Another substitution that come to mind is that of the ultra-rare (and expensive) 6T5 magic eye tube. Although it will not look the same as the round format of the 6T5, a 6U5 or 6G5 tube is a direct, plug-and-play replacement for a 6T5 magic eye tube, as they are electrically the same. The 6U5 is less sensitive but more commonly available.

Another word of caution is that although a tube may be able to be substituted by one with a suffix, such may not be the case the other way around. It totally depends on the tube. As Ludwell Sibley points out in "Tube Lore II" under the section on Sweep Tubes "Many of these tubes went through "A," "B," or "C" variants. The changes were usually trivial (sealing tip on the base, vs. on the top), but occasionally significant (i.e. increased dissipation rating). Almost all the 6L6 tubes would dissipate 19 watts, except the 6L6GC which carries a significantly higher 30 watt rating.

Are there any direct tube substitutions not on this list that come to mind? Let's hear them.

09/15/2025

Today's post provides the answers to yesterday's Electronic Numbers Quiz. Borrowed from the December 1962 edition of "Popular Electronics," it was written by Robert P. Balin. Repeating the introductory material: "Robert Balin created many quizzes for Popular Electronics magazine back in the 1960s and 1970s. This particular "Electronic Numbers Quiz" presents various objects and your challenge is to match one of the provided numerical values to each item. For example, a tuning fork is most commonly, in the Western world, associated with a certain frequency for tuning musical instruments (electronic and mechanical). As is often the case, being familiar with the "standards" of the era is helpful on a few of the items like the tuning capacitor and the IF transformer, but you should be able to eliminate some options by knowing the impedance of the twin lead transmission line and the phase relationship of current and voltage in a pure inductance."

So, here come the quiz and answers:

"Anyone in electronics gets to know many numbers, each of which relates primarily to some specific circuit or component. Why not try your luck at matching the eight numbers below with the drawings (A - J) (see photo) to which they most logically refer?

1.414 - F The maximum or peak value of a Sine Wave is 1.414 times its effective or root mean square (r.m.s.) value.

3.2 - C A common impedance for Speaker voice coils is 3.2 ohms.

47 - A A type 47 Pilot Lamp is the one almost always found in the "All-American 5" receiver.

90 - H Current through a pure Inductance lags the applied voltage by a quarter of a cycle, or 90 degrees.

140 - G A common maximum capacitance value for a Variable Capacitor is 140 μμf.

180 - B A signal fed into a Vacuum Tube between grid and ground is inverted, or shifted 180° in phase, when observed between plate and ground.

300 - J The impedance of TV and FM Twin Lead is 300 ohms.

440 - E A Tuning Fork used to tune musical instruments vibrates at 440 cycles, or A above middle C.

455 - I A common frequency for an I.F. Transformer is 455 kc.

15,750 - D The frequency of the horizontal sweep oscillator in a 1960's TV Set is 15,750 cycles.

Did you earn an honorable mention?

09/14/2025

It is Sunday, so you know what that means. Yup, time for another quiz. This one is a little tricky. Entitled "Electronic Numbers Quiz", it had this for introductory information:

"This particular "Electronic Numbers Quiz" presents various objects and your challenge is to match one of the provided numerical values to each item. For example, a tuning fork is most commonly, in the Western world, associated with a certain frequency for tuning musical instruments (electronic and mechanical). As is often the case, being familiar with the "standards" of the era is helpful on a few of the items like the tuning capacitor and the IF transformer, but you should be able to eliminate some options by knowing the impedance of the twin lead transmission line and the phase relationship of current and voltage in a pure inductance."

So, here is the quiz:

"Anyone in electronics gets to know many numbers, each of which relates primarily to some specific circuit or component. Why not try your luck at matching the eight numbers below with the drawings (A - J) (see photo) to which they most logically refer?

1.414 _____

3.2 _____

47 _____

90 _____

140 _____

180 _____

300 _____

440 _____

455 _____

15,750 _____

Honorable mention to those individuals who score the highest number of correct answers.