Taìno Legacy

Taìno Legacy Preserving Taíno Culture, History and Heritage. Join Us in Reclaiming Our Legacy After 531 Years!

Arawak is a language family, not a single tribe.The Calusa, Tekesta, Timucua/Tocobaga, Jagua/Jeaga, Ais, and Mayaca/Maya...
10/26/2025

Arawak is a language family, not a single tribe.
The Calusa, Tekesta, Timucua/Tocobaga, Jagua/Jeaga, Ais, and Mayaca/Mayaimi are all connected to modern Taíno descendants — part of the same extended family network.

Each island and community recognized its lineage under a specific Cacike (chief) through a Guatiao naming ceremony, which formalized kinship between families and regions.

This is why academics often find so many different names — they’re not separate peoples, but related branches of one ancestral family.

10/26/2025

The First Indigenous Tribe Enslaved By Colonization Should Not Be The Last One Recognized Or Respected.

🏺 Rethinking Florida’s Archaeological and Genetic Record: Taíno Continuity, Not Extinction

Too many interpretations of Florida’s pre-Columbian history still echo the old institutional bias that once declared the Taíno extinct — a claim disproven by modern genetics. The 2018 and 2020 ancient-DNA studies by Schroeder et al. and Nieves-Colón et al. proved that living Caribbean populations carry direct Taíno maternal lineages.

When scholarship assumes Taíno influence ended in the Caribbean, every Florida artifact outside the “Glades” or “St. Johns” typology gets labeled as trade. But when we take a clean-slate look, the evidence shows deep continuity, migration, and exchange across the Gulf Stream corridor.

🔹 Key Archaeological Evidence

Scheurich Midden (Jupiter Inlet, FL) – Imported lithics, marine-shell tools, and non-local ceramics overlapping Archaic–Woodland periods (~3,500–2,500 B.P.), aligning with Arawakan–Taíno ceramic traits.

Joe Reed Shell Ring (St. Lucie River, Martin County) – Radiocarbon ~3,400 cal B.P. (≈ 1,400 BCE), massive U-shaped habitation showing early non-fiber-tempered and fiber-tempered pottery with external stylistic influences.
📄 PDF:https://edwardwimberley.com/courses/80458/joereed.pdf

Orange Fiber Pottery Horizon – Florida’s earliest ceramic tradition (2000–1000 BCE); fiber-tempering and vessel forms parallel pre-Taíno/Arawakan pottery.

NPS “Archaic Shell Rings of the Southeast U.S.” – 5000–3000 B.P. shell-ring architecture (“America’s First Potteries”) reveals early complex coastal societies.
📄 PDF:https://www.npshistory.com/publications/nhl/theme-studies/archaic-shell-rings.pdf

Saunders & Russo 2011, “Coastal Shell Middens in Florida: A View from the Archaic Period.”
Shows estuarine use by ~7200 cal B.P. and monumental coastal sites by ~4500 B.P., proving continuous maritime lifeways predating colonial frameworks.
🔗 Link: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/248479130_Coastal_shell_middens_in_Florida_A_view_from_the_Archaic_period

🔹 Genetic Continuity and Migration Evidence

Taíno (ancient Puerto Rico) – Schroeder et al. 2018, PNAS: High-coverage ancient Taíno genome; continuity with modern Puerto Ricans; mtDNA A2 and C1 lineages.
🔗 https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1716839115

Pre-contact Puerto Rico aDNA – Nieves-Colón et al. 2020, Molecular Biology and Evolution: mtDNA A2 and C1 dominate, confirming long-term continuity.
🔗 https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/37/3/611/5618728

Ciboney (Cuba) – Lalueza-Fox et al. 2003, PNAS: Ancient Ciboney mtDNA C and D lineages.
🔗 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12740952/

📄 PDF:https://tiboko.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Mitochondrial_DNA_from_pre_Columbian_Cib.pdf

Maya of Copán (Honduras) – González-Oliver et al. 2018, Human Biology: Copán Maya show high haplogroup C, low D, and absence of A.
🔗 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31714695/

📄 PDF: https://complete.bioone.org/journalArticle/Download?urlid=10.13110%2Fhumanbiology.90.4.03

González-Oliver et al. 2022, Human Biology – Copán Maya haplogroup C dominance and absence of A.
🔗 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363848871_Genetic_Relationships_between_Mesoamerican_Ancient_Populations_and_with_American_Greater_Southwest_and_Caribbean_Populations_Close_to_Mesoamerican_Borders

➡ These Copán Maya haplotypes (C-dominant, A-absent) represent an older, primary Mesoamerican lineage ancestral to the Taíno and Ciboney, not to later North-American tribes.

🔹 Florida Lineages and Later Migrations

Seminole mtDNA – Huoponen et al. 1997, European Journal of Human Genetics – 95% of Seminole samples carry all four major Native American haplogroups (A, B, C, D); none show the C-dominant pattern of Copán.
🔗 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9156318/

📄 PDF: https://www.karger.com/Article/Pdf/484728

Historical Ethnogenesis – The Seminole and Miccosukee peoples arose in the 1700s from Creek–Muskogean migrations into Florida after colonial disruption.
🔗 Florida Dept. of State: https://dos.myflorida.com/florida-facts/florida-history/seminoles/

🔗 Britannica (Miccosukee): https://www.britannica.com/topic/Miccosukee

➡ This later A/B/C/D pattern reflects post-Archaic north-to-south migration, not the older C-dominant Copán–Taíno lineage.

🔹 Florida’s Pre-Seminole and Ancient Tribes

Florida’s Indigenous history did not begin with the Seminole or Miccosukee. Long before those 18th-century confederations, the peninsula was home to thriving maritime and inland civilizations with direct Caribbean and Gulf connections.

The Calusa – A powerful “Shell People” who ruled southwest Florida for over a millennium, building massive shell mounds and canals and maintaining a maritime empire across the Gulf and Keys. Some descendants survived in Cuba and the Keys.
🔗 https://dos.myflorida.com/florida-facts/florida-history/native-americans/the-calusa/

The Tequesta – Based around Miami and Biscayne Bay; culturally linked to the Calusa and Glades traditions. Sites like the Miami Circle show complex architecture predating Seminole arrival by millennia.
🔗 https://www.miamidade.gov/global/service.page?Mduid_service=ser1589482332738393

The Ais and Jagua/Jeaga – Occupied Florida’s Atlantic coast from Cape Canaveral to Jupiter Inlet; appeared in Spanish records trading with Bahama and Caribbean peoples. Sites such as Scheurich Midden and Mount Elizabeth confirm long-term occupation predating Seminole ethnogenesis.
🔗 https://www.jstor.org/stable/20793277

The Timucua – Spanning north and central Florida, linguistically distinct from Muskogean speakers. Genetic and linguistic evidence links them to earlier Gulf and Caribbean Arawakan migrations, not Creek lineages.
🔗 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19033141/

➡ These tribes represent Florida’s ancient civilizations — the original peoples of the peninsula. Their descendants did not vanish; they merged, migrated, and survive in Cuba, the Caribbean, and modern Indigenous identities.

🔹 Summary

The Copán Maya haplotypes represent an older, primary Mesoamerican lineage ancestral to Caribbean Taíno and Ciboney, while the Seminole and Miccosukee descend from later Creek–Muskogean migrations into Florida.

Archaeology and genetics together show that Florida’s coastal peoples formed a Caribbean-linked continuum long before the Seminole era.

Florida’s middens and early ceramics aren’t evidence of “trade” — they’re proof of presence.

📚 Sources & Further Reading

Taíno aDNA (Puerto Rico): https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1716839115

Precontact Puerto Rico aDNA: https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/37/3/611/5618728

Ciboney (Cuba): https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12740952/

PDF:https://tiboko.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Mitochondrial_DNA_from_pre_Columbian_Cib.pdf

Copán Maya 2018: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31714695/

PDF: https://complete.bioone.org/journalArticle/Download?urlid=10.13110%2Fhumanbiology.90.4.03

Copán Maya 2022: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363848871_Genetic_Relationships_between_Mesoamerican_Ancient_Populations_and_with_American_Greater_Southwest_and_Caribbean_Populations_Close_to_Mesoamerican_Borders

Seminole mtDNA: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9156318/

PDF: https://www.karger.com/Article/Pdf/484728

Archaic Shell Rings (NPS):https://www.npshistory.com/publications/nhl/theme-studies/archaic-shell-rings.pdf

Coastal Shell Middens (Saunders & Russo 2011): https://www.researchgate.net/publication/248479130_Coastal_shell_middens_in_Florida_A_view_from_the_Archaic_period

Joe Reed Shell Ring:https://edwardwimberley.com/courses/80458/joereed.pdf

🌞 Yúcahu and Atabey — The Breath of Our OriginsBefore there were borders or maps, there was Atabey, the mother of waters...
10/14/2025

🌞 Yúcahu and Atabey — The Breath of Our Origins

Before there were borders or maps, there was Atabey, the mother of waters, and from her womb came Yúcahu Bagua Maórocoti — giver of cassava, master of the sea, self-created one.

Together they brought forth the balance of the world:

Atabey, the womb, the river, the endless return.

Yúcahu, the seed, the mountain, the breath of creation.

From their harmony came the islands, the currents, and the families who call themselves Taíno — the Good Family, the Good People.

🌿 The Guatiao of Naming

Through guatiao, the sacred exchange of names, each branch of the Taíno family carried a reflection of the gifts of Yúcahu and Atabey.
Names were not divisions — they were living remembrances of balance and gratitude:

Jagua — from the Genipa americana, the jagua tree whose fruit creates the blue-black ceremonial dye of memory and protection.

Ahi (Ais) — from the fiery chili, the warmth and endurance of spirit.

Tekesta — the meeting ground, the gathering of kin and stories.

Mayaca — linked through lineage to Mayaimi and the Maya of Copán, sharing ancestral breath with the Ciboney and Taíno through maternal haplogroups (mtDNA).

Timucua — many tongues speaking as one, the chorus of unity.

Each guatiao name remembers the way each family honored the gifts that sustained life — the tree, the pepper, the root, the water, the word.

🌴 Bémeni — The Northern Homeland

The land now called “Florida” was known to our ancestors as Bémeni — the Sacred North, where the waters rise to meet the sky.
Bémeni was not a border — it was an extension of the same Taíno world that flowed from Borikén and Ayiti through the Lucayan islands into the northern sea.

Our canoes followed the Gulf Stream, guided by stars and ancestral memory, to visit kin in Bémeni.
The names of Ahi, Jagua, Tekesta, Mayaca, and Timucua were not new nations — they were living branches of the same tree, nourished by the same waters of Yúcahu and Atabey.

The Europeans later called these networks “trade routes,” but they were already ancient pathways of family.
Trade did not make us kin — Creation did.

🌾 The Continuum of Blood and Spirit

The Mayaca, Mayaimi, Ciboney, Taíno, and Maya of Copán were joined long before colonization — connected through ancestral migration, shared ceremony, and the same maternal bloodlines.
The roots of this kinship live in both mtDNA and memory.
We are one continuum, flowing from the mountains of Copán to the islands of Borikén and the sacred waters of Bémeni.

Bémeni was not an edge — it was the beginning of return.

🪶 The Taíno Full Circle

Yúcahu Bagua Maórocoti — the root, the sea, the breath of life.
Atabey — the womb, the waters, the endless renewal.

Their gifts remain in every guatiao name that still echoes across the land and sea: Jagua, Ahi, Tekesta, Mayaca, Timucua.
From Borikén to Bémeni, the Good Family endures — one spirit, one ancestry, one circle of creation.

We are not defined by the maps drawn over our homeland.
We are defined by the memory of Yúcahu and the balance of Atabey that still lives within us.

We are Taíno — the Good Family.
Bémeni is not our border. It is our northern home.

✊ The First Indigenous Tribe Enslaved by Colonization Should Not Be the Last One Recognized or Respected.

🌺 Anacaona and Enriquillo — The First International Treaty and the Eternal Heart of Nanichi🕊️ From the Shores of Jaragua...
10/13/2025

🌺 Anacaona and Enriquillo — The First International Treaty and the Eternal Heart of Nanichi
🕊️ From the Shores of Jaragua to the Mountains of Bahoruco

Our ancestors stood in the face of conquest — not as subjects, but as a free and sovereign people.

Anacaona, whose name means Golden Flower, was the poet-queen of Jaragua.
She ruled with grace, diplomacy, and wisdom — uniting our people through poetry, ceremony, and peace.

Her ex*****on in 1503 by Spanish forces was meant to silence her light — but golden flowers never die.
Her spirit became the living heart of the Taíno: love, resilience, and beauty that cannot be erased.

⚔️ The War of Bahoruco (1519–1533)

Years later, her kin and spiritual heir, Cacique Enriquillo (Guarocuya), and his wife Mencía, carried that same golden flame into the Bahoruco Mountains.
For over a decade, they led one of the first organized Indigenous resistances in the Americas — standing for justice, dignity, and freedom upon ancestral soil.

📜 The Treaty of Enriquillo (1533)

When Spain could not defeat him, they were forced to negotiate.
Under the authority of Emperor Charles V (Carlos I of Spain), the Crown formally recognized Enriquillo and his people as free and autonomous.

This became the first international treaty in the Americas, acknowledging Indigenous people under the law — not as subjects, but as equals in diplomacy and humanity.

💛 Anacaona’s Golden Heart — Nanichi

Our heart is Nanichi — meaning My Love, My Heart.
It is the spiritual core of Taíno life, embodying peace, unity, and connection between all beings.

In 2000, Cacique Pedro Guanikeyu Torres, of the Jatibonicu Taíno, named a crater on Venus “Nanichi” — forever linking the Taíno word for heart and love with the stars.
Through this, Anacaona’s light — the Golden Flower — now shines among the heavens, joined with Nanichi, the love that endures beyond worlds.

🌊 We Resisted. We Never Surrendered. We Still Exist Today.

✨ The first Indigenous people enslaved by colonization should not be the last ones recognized or respected.

  LIVE — THURSDAY, OCTOBER 16 • 7:00 PM EST“Defending the Sacred: The Jagua of Jupiter Inlet and the Taíno Legacy”For ov...
10/13/2025

LIVE — THURSDAY, OCTOBER 16 • 7:00 PM EST

“Defending the Sacred: The Jagua of Jupiter Inlet and the Taíno Legacy”

For over 532 years, our people have carried forward the truth of who we are — the Taíno, the Jagua of Jupiter Inlet, and the families who first peopled the Caribbean and the Americas. We are not a “nation,” but one extended network of families with deep ancestral and spiritual ties to this land.

This movement is about defending those connections.
We are standing up to protect sacred sites like the Scheurich Midden and Jupiter Inlet Complex, where human remains, ceremonial artifacts, monk seal teeth, and green basalt celts have been uncovered — living proof of our ancestors’ presence that still rests beneath the soil and sea.

Our rights are not new; they were recognized centuries ago under the Treaty of Enriquillo (1533) and reaffirmed through Spanish Crown land grants, which remain protected under the Supremacy Clause of the U.S. Constitution.
This is not about seeking state or federal recognition — it is about asserting individual Aboriginal rights that cannot be erased by administrative policies or political boundaries.

We will share the truth, show the evidence, and help every descendant understand how to file their claim to preserve our shared legacy.

This is our time to speak.
We never surrendered.

🪶 The First Indigenous Tribe Enslaved By Colonization Should Not Be The Last One Recognized Or Respected.

Subject: Protecting Our Sacred Sites at Jupiter Inlet – A Call to Taíno Elders and DescendantsDear Taíno Elders, Leaders...
09/26/2025

Subject: Protecting Our Sacred Sites at Jupiter Inlet – A Call to Taíno Elders and Descendants

Dear Taíno Elders, Leaders, and Relatives,

I write to you as a descendant of Borikén and the Jeaga/Jagua people whose presence at Jupiter Inlet is recorded in archaeology, linguistics, and oral history. I write not to divide, but to unite us around the duty we owe to our ancestors.

Some have expressed fear that speaking up about Jupiter Inlet may be seen as going “against” the Seminole or Miccosukee Tribes, or that the Jupiter Inlet Colony of the Jagua was merely a trading hub. I want to be clear: our purpose is not to challenge the sovereignty or rights of other Indigenous nations. Our purpose is to defend our own ancestors’ graves, middens, and sacred sites from development and erasure.

Why This Matters Now

Development is underway at Scheurich, Suni Sands, and other parcels of the Jupiter Inlet Complex. Once bulldozed, the artifacts, burials, and cultural landscape will be permanently destroyed.

Archaeology, geology, linguistics, and oral testimony all confirm that the Jagua (Jeaga) and related Taíno peoples occupied these sites. Even the name “Jagua” comes from the jagua fruit tree (Genipa americana), a living linguistic link to our heritage in Palm Beach.

Fear of confronting town, state, or federal agencies only accelerates our loss. If we remain silent, decisions will be made without us, and our history will be paved over.

Our Responsibility

For 532 years we have endured paper genocide, cultural genocide, and literal genocide. Now is the moment to act. We cannot be gatekeepers who let silence erase us. We must be descendants who speak for those whose voices were taken.

I implore you:

Know our history. Florida’s Indigenous history is also Taíno history.

Do not allow our children’s future and history to be robbed further by inaction.

Stand with us to protect the sacred sites of the Jupiter Inlet Colony of the Jagua.

A Way Forward

We are organizing a video conference gathering of Taíno elders, leaders, and descendants to:

Share verified archaeological, historical, and linguistic evidence about the Jupiter Inlet Complex.

Explain how the Treaty of Enriquillo and aboriginal claims under state and federal law support our rights to protect these sacred sites.

Provide a form and contact information for those who wish to record their aboriginal claim and participate in the resurgence and reclamation of our rights in Florida.

This is not a demand for loyalty to me or to any one group. It is an invitation to empower individuals within your families and communities to be informed, speak up, and lay their own claims. Our duty is to preserve and protect, not to suppress.

We are all descendants of those whose voices were silenced. Let us not be the generation that authorizes development over our ancestors’ graves. Let us be the generation that protects our legacy.

With respect and determination,

Taíno Legacy

Asunto: Protección de Nuestros Sitios Sagrados en el Inlet de Júpiter – Un Llamado a los Ancianos y Descendientes Taínos

Queridos ancianos, líderes y familiares Taínos:

Les escribo como descendiente de Borikén y del pueblo Jeaga/Jagua, cuya presencia en el Inlet de Júpiter está registrada en la arqueología, la lingüística y la historia oral. Les escribo no para dividir, sino para unirnos en torno al deber que tenemos hacia nuestros ancestros.

Algunos han expresado temor de que al hablar sobre el Inlet de Júpiter pueda interpretarse como un acto “en contra” de las Tribus Seminole o Miccosukee, o que la Colonia Jagua del Inlet de Júpiter fue solo un centro de intercambio. Quiero dejar en claro: nuestro propósito no es desafiar la soberanía o los derechos de otras naciones indígenas. Nuestro propósito es defender las tumbas, los conchales y los sitios sagrados de nuestros propios ancestros de la destrucción y el olvido.

Por qué esto importa ahora

El desarrollo ya está en marcha en Scheurich, Suni Sands y otras parcelas del Complejo del Inlet de Júpiter. Una vez arrasados, los artefactos, entierros y el paisaje cultural se perderán para siempre.

La arqueología, la geología, la lingüística y la historia oral confirman que los Jagua (Jeaga) y los pueblos Taínos relacionados ocuparon estos sitios. Incluso el nombre “Jagua” proviene del árbol de jagua (Genipa americana), un vínculo lingüístico vivo con nuestra herencia en Palm Beach.

El miedo a confrontar al municipio, al estado o al gobierno federal solo acelera nuestra pérdida. Si permanecemos en silencio, se tomarán decisiones sin nosotros y nuestra historia será borrada.

Nuestra responsabilidad

Durante 532 años hemos sufrido genocidio documental, cultural y literal. Ahora es el momento de actuar. No podemos ser guardianes que permiten que el silencio nos borre. Debemos ser descendientes que hablen por aquellos cuyas voces fueron arrebatadas.

Les imploro:

Conozcan nuestra historia. La historia indígena de Florida también es historia Taína.

No permitan que se le robe aún más a nuestros hijos su futuro y su historia.

Unámonos para proteger los sitios sagrados de la Colonia Jagua en el Inlet de Júpiter.

Un camino a seguir

Estamos organizando una reunión virtual de ancianos, líderes y descendientes Taínos para:

Compartir pruebas arqueológicas, históricas y lingüísticas verificadas sobre el Complejo del Inlet de Júpiter.

Explicar cómo el Tratado de Enriquillo y las reclamaciones aborígenes bajo las leyes estatales y federales respaldan nuestros derechos a proteger estos sitios sagrados.

Proporcionar un formulario y contacto para quienes deseen registrar su reclamación aborigen y participar en la resurgencia y la recuperación de nuestros derechos en Florida.

Este no es un llamado a la lealtad hacia mí ni hacia un grupo en particular. Es una invitación a dar poder a los individuos dentro de sus familias y comunidades para que estén informados, se expresen y presenten sus propias reclamaciones. Nuestro deber es preservar y proteger, no suprimir.

Todos somos descendientes de quienes fueron silenciados. No seamos la generación que autorice el desarrollo sobre las tumbas de nuestros ancestros. Seamos la generación que proteja nuestro legado.

Con respeto y determinación,

Taíno Legacy

“We Were Never Gone: The Taíno Story Comes Full Circle”For centuries, we were written out of history.The books said the ...
09/10/2025

“We Were Never Gone: The Taíno Story Comes Full Circle”

For centuries, we were written out of history.

The books said the Taíno — the first to greet Columbus on these islands — were gone. Extinct. Erased by disease, slavery, and colonization. Teachers repeated it. Historians signed off on it. Generations grew up believing our ancestors had vanished.

But we are still here.

DNA doesn’t lie. Modern studies have proven what our grandparents always told us in whispers — the blood of the Taíno still runs through us. In Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, Cuba, Jamaica, the Bahamas, and across the diaspora, up to 61% of maternal lineages connect directly back to our Taíno ancestors. The same people who carved zemís, cultivated cassava, and sailed the Caribbean in dugout canoes… live on in us.

And not just in our genes — in our words, our traditions, our spirit. Every time you say “hammock,” “barbecue,” “hurricane,” “iguana,” or “canoe,” you speak Taíno. Our place names — Borikén, Utuado, Mayagüez, Humacao — are our ancestors calling out from the land. Our healing plants, our songs, our ceremonial practices survived in our families, passed quietly from generation to generation.

So why did academia get it so wrong?

Because history is written by the colonizers. Spanish censuses, colonial reports, and later academic interpretations declared us “extinct” — a form of paper genocide. They erased us on paper, even as we continued living, adapting, and surviving. But today, science, oral history, and community voices are bringing us back into the light.

We are more than data points in a lab. We are the descendants, the carriers of memory, the voices of a people who refused to disappear. Across Borikén, Quisqueya, Ayiti, Cuba, Florida, and beyond, the Taíno are reclaiming their identity, protecting sacred sites, revitalizing language, and teaching the next generation who we truly are.

This is full circle.
What they called extinction was survival. What they called disappearance was resistance. And what they called the past is still alive right now — in us, through us, as us.

We were never gone. We were always here.

✊🏽🌿 Taíno ti — we are the good people, and we still stand.

The First Indigenous Tribe Enslaved By Colonization Should Not Be The Last One Recognized Or Respected!

https://youtu.be/YjzDMH1xqGM?si=AvVvrZzBJkBSqU12

The video explores new scientific discoveries about the origins of Native Americans in the caribbean islands, focusing on DNA evidence. It challenges old bel...

Address

PO Box 7851
Delray Beach, FL
33482

Alerts

Be the first to know and let us send you an email when Taìno Legacy posts news and promotions. Your email address will not be used for any other purpose, and you can unsubscribe at any time.

Share