19/01/2023
This weeks topic and one of our 10 pillars is small business. On this video we are specifically talking about starting a farm. We are located in Wisconsin, so the resources will be based on that location.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture defines a farm as “any place from which $1,000 or more of agricultural products were produced and sold or normally would have been sold during the year.”
It’s important to note what the IRS views as a business vs hobby around this topic. I’ve provided a link below that was given to us in making our own determination. The short of it is the intent to produce profit. It’s doesn’t need to make a profit every year or right away…but show intent to make to make a profit.
Having a separate business account & profit/loss are some additional things that will show it’s being ran as a business. A local credit union would be my first choice on a business account. Should you need a loan/funding, they much more likely to work with you. If you’re looking for a larger bank, Chase does offer reduced fees and no minimum balance to Veterans/Military.
A simple free cloud based platform called WaveApps can be used to produce a profit / loss statement. After connecting your bank account, you or a bookkeeper can go through transactions and tag them appropriately as income or expenses.
What can be considered a “farm” is going vary by county and state. Additionally what crops, animals, etc you plan on raising or producing may require a certain acreage or zoning. Our property and pasture where farming takes place is zoned A-2 agricultural. We have made improvements such as an electric fence, automatic waters, and shed for livestock. The 15 acre pasture is setup to produce organic hay. The hay is typically cut and bailed 2-3 times in a season and sold. Additionally we have 50x80 pole barn with livestock stalls and area for cold storage to assist in farm operations and storage of assets.
When running a farm, assets such as tractors, skid steers, mowers, UTV’s may be required as part of the daily operation. These tools not only drastically cut down on time/labor, but also assist in being more efficient. Efficiency is definitely part of profitability. Any business owner that plans appropriately each year will be aware of areas where these types of expenses reduce the tax liability. It’s important to research these types of purchases ahead of time and definitely consult with a CPA first. That said as an example our skid steer is used to load the hay bails on the trailer allowing the sale of hay. Certain UTV’s qualified for the 179 deduction due to the dump bed.
The last point I’d like to bring up is grants and funding. If you search your state and farm fund or grants, you will be surprised what available. There are grants for livestock, crops, equipment, and energy efficiency to name a few. One example below is grants providing up to 40% of the cost to install things like solar, windows, insulation, hvac in the name of energy efficiency.
Link my CPA gave me to review hobby vs business farm: https://extension.usu.edu/ruraltax/tax-topics/farm-losses-versus-hobby-losses #:~:text=In%20general%2C%20the%20IRS%20considers,include%20depreciation%20of%20capital%20assets
WaveApps: www.WaveApps.com
Starting a farm resources: https://datcp.wi.gov/Pages/AgDevelopment/BeginningFarmerResources.aspx
https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/topic/SmallBusiness/Resources/AgriBusiness.html
https://www.farmers.gov/your-business/beginning-farmers
https://homesteadwisconsin.com/blog/2020/7/17/finding-funding-as-a-beginning-farmer
Grants:
https://www.rd.usda.gov/programs-services/energy-programs/rural-energy-america-program-renewable-energy-systems-energy-efficiency-improvement-guaranteed-loans/wi
https://datcp.wi.gov/Pages/Programs_Services/Grants.aspx
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