12/11/2025
Magdalena Dora Blau came into the world on December 4, 1939, in Rotterdam—a city still bearing the scars of the brutal German aerial bombardment earlier that year. Her parents, Fritz and Mina Blau, were among the many Jewish families trying to rebuild something resembling a home after the devastation. Before the occupation grew harsher, they tried to give their daughter a normal beginning. They named her Magdalena Dora, though most families had their own small, affectionate names for children her age—names spoken softly at bedtime or whispered while rocking them to sleep. Nothing written survives about what her parents called her at home, but it is impossible not to imagine that they had a special name only she responded to.
Rotterdam in Dora’s earliest months was a city under tightening occupation. As she learned to stand, and then to toddle across the room, more restrictions were imposed: Jews could no longer visit parks, beaches, or theaters; fathers were dismissed from jobs; mothers waited in lines for rationed food that grew thinner and thinner. Her parents tried to shield her from the tension that filled Jewish households across the country. They kept routines—feeding her, bathing her, letting her gaze out the window at passing bicycles she would one day have wanted to ride. Being Jewish in the Netherlands no longer meant living freely, but Dora was too young to sense the fear in her parents’ voices.
She was just old enough to recognize the familiar rhythm of her mother’s footsteps. She would have known the warmth of being carried against Mina’s chest, the scent of her clothes, the safety of her father’s hands lifting her up after a fall. These are the small, quiet truths of being three years old—unwritten but universal.
In 1942 the danger, which adults had whispered about for months, became real. Deportations began in the summer. Jewish families received orders to report for “labor in the East,” a phrase that sounded orderly on paper but was surrounded by dread. When the knock finally came for the Blaus or when they were forced to appear—records don’t tell us the exact moment—it would have been swift, confusing, and terrifying. Dora was too young to understand why her toys, her blanket, or the familiar rooms of home were suddenly left behind.
The journey to Auschwitz II-Birkenau was days long in sealed cattle cars—stifling heat, little water, no room for sleep. Children cried because children always cry when they are hungry or tired or frightened, but there was no comfort to give. Mina would have held Dora for most of that journey, rocking her, trying to hush her, trying to protect her from sights a child should never see. Fritz, if he was with them on that transport or already separated earlier, would have been just as helpless. In the camp system, families were torn apart the moment the train doors opened, and sometimes even before.
When the Blaus arrived on August 11, 1942, Dora was only three. Children that young were never registered, never tattooed, never placed in barracks. The N**i system did not consider them useful. They were murdered within hours of arrival. Mina and Dora likely stayed together in those final steps, walking in the crowd of mothers clutching children, heading toward a place they were told was a shower. There is no record of the last words Mina whispered to her daughter, but every mother in that line did the same thing—held their children tighter, shielding them as far as human arms can shield against cruelty.
Dora never reached her fourth birthday. Her life was three years long—three years of tenderness and ordinary joys interrupted by a world that decided she did not deserve to grow up.
All that remains now is her name, her birth date, the place she came from, the place she died, and the understanding that a child who could have played in Rotterdam’s rebuilt streets, who could have become anything—a student, an artist, a mother—was denied every future she should have had.
Remembering her restores a small part of what was taken. It says that she mattered then, and she matters still.