09/03/2025
NORTHERN ARAKAN DISTRICT OR ARAKAN HILL TRACTS
“MARAPA CHA ACHHUAH PARUPA MIAKHAKHA CHÂTA TLÂ PAPICHHYHPA CHIPHO CHÂ VEI”
Heimâh beipa Ngôlei lahuah moh pathâh kaw ta, khinôpâ nata âhlapizy tawhta lahuah mo awpa ta Heimâ khih ama pangai hôlô. Chasipaw noh ry lia a khaihpahliepa thlarawsie ta, hla ama pathaothlupâ ngâ kaw. Lahuah a hua ta, chasipaw noh lalôhpa â aih tyh thlyu aw. Khâpa lahuah rimâ ma ama tahpa cha, chysia ahnaona istri ( Burma reih မီးပူ) a vaw châ thlâh ha bao; Mongyuh lathli. Kha daihti nota Shendu syna dâh chi nano nanopa hmâpa ta ama tei.
Looshai, Pooi, Khumi, Shendoos nata chipho hropazy likah hraona, sei ta patuna nata athienazy rei pachhuah ngâ awpa pha khao vei. Adaihti nota chyhsazysai tlâ châ pyly hra ei ta. British biehneina chhôh rairuna a tao viapazy (trouble makers) hryta ama biehneina râhri â vaw daihpa liata a pahrâpa chiphozy thâtih 1830 kôzy tawhta ama vaw pahno pathao. Kô 1847 Lieut. T. Latter ta tlâhzy lâ khitly ta, “Shentoos” tahpa chipho moh Arakan lâtawh châropazy liata a vaw palâsa. 1847 rakha tawh Arakan nata Chittagong zy ta Shindu kyh amâ vaw tymâkhei pathao lymâ ha.
Rairuna a taopa chiphozy thâhtih achu pasia awpa nata Wullings, Zoulling, Yulling chariah padia awpa ta December, 1847 liata Akyab tawh Lieut. Henry Hopkinson nata a pheisaihzy chhao ta Beinô hnawh kaw sao lymâ ei ta, 30 December 1847 ta Dalekmai; Talume tlô ei ta, hlaotloh leipa ta ama kua. Hopkinson khitlyna aphahnaikhei kawpa hmo miakha cha Khumi chipho pahrâna râh â vaw daihpa ti nah râh liata a pahrâpa, British ryureina râh chhôh liata a vaw patypamâ ngâthlâh ha tyhpa Shendoo thâtih a pahno pasia viana kha a châ. A kô heihpa 1848, 49 liata Capt. Hodgkison, Lieut. Sandes nata ama pheisaihzy cha Beinô chavah kaw sao lymâ heih ei ta, Sherkor nata Tuipang khih chheipâh kaw tlô ei ta, Shendoo ta a vaw byh ta, amâ vaw dyuhpa vâta hmiatôh thei khao leipa ta, Paletwa lâ ama vaw kua.
Shendu cha Kaladan (Beinô) chavah lâ tawhta Chittagong biehneina chhôh khihzy vaw hrao tyh ta, chavâta Arakan lâ tawhta Shendu siena tyhpa lâthlôh liata pheisaih yna (outpost) sopa ta ama vaih awpa apha tahpa pachâna ama hnei. Arakan Local Battalion ta Dalekmai lia Akyab Police maluh pahluh via ta, Kolak chavah (Kulâ – Kaletchaung ကုလားချောင်း) tlana Kaladyne (Beinô) chavah nochhi lâ tlâh thlôhpa liata Akyab Police Thanna a soh. He Akyab Police Thanna tawhta Chittagong Hill Tracts lâ â siepahlie thei. Châhvâ daihti Beinô raphyu liata pheisaihzy cha zawpi pachhiparyna châta apatlâh ei ta, meithei laipazy ama ka tyh. Chavâta asu cha Setpitpyin (စက်ပစ်ပြင်) “khaw meithei kana” tahpa châ ta, tanoh taih cha su liata Setpitpyi khih y ta, Rakhaing chyhsazy ama pahrâ.
Hopkinson ta Shendu yna râh tly awpa cha ru ngâsâ ta, chyhsa tuah ta biechho awpa ta a sie ngâhpa y hra vei ei. Shendu beizy sôh piepa ta bieparyhna taopa châ hra mawh sa la, kô tota hraona tawhta ama hmôpa sôthih, chyhsa ama patupazy vyuhpa ta achârithô thei aw ma, tahpa chhao sia vei, a tah. Chahleikhô ta Shendu cha zibeipa pakha biehneina ry liata a ypa châ leipa ei ta, ama khih nata pho nanopa chyu ta zibeipa hnei khai ei ta, khih kha nata pho kha deita nah ta aparyh mawh la, rairu viana a vaw pazi thei aw. Shendu he a vao pahnie leipa khiah rairuna a y pazao lymâ aw. Shendu ta Khon chipho cha lâpi chhotuhpa nata mohparutuhpazy ta ama hmâ tyh. Mongyuh biehneituhpa (European Officer) pakha maophaona piepa ta, âmozy nah ta biechhona a hnei awpa pha ta; eimâ chahraoh chhei khiah chhie viana a tlô thei aw. Shendu pahrâna râh â thaona taih ta British biehneina râh pakawh thei khiah Shendu a vao pahniena pha chaipa châ aw ta; cha hawhta tao thei leipa tlyma, tao ta hlaotloh leipa tlyma khiah Shendu kyh cha pachâ khao rai leipa ta hnohchhy molo apha chai aw, a tah.
Chittagong Commissioner cha chasipaw daihti maih ta pheisaih nata police zy pahlypa ta siehnao tyh sa la, asu liata pheisaih nata police outpost zy so awpa ta a pachâ. Châhrasala Bengal Governor Sir John Peter Grant ta ti nata tlâh, khichâh zy vâta hlaotloh theina rairu kaw aw ta, chahleikhô ta Mongyuh biehneina â pyhpa nata â pyh leipa khihzy pathlua aru kaw aw. Ama khih beizy nata khihsawzy meithei pie ta, sasyh avaih awpa apha via awpa ta a pachâ. Hopkinson pachâna cha Bengal nata Arakan biehneituhpazy vâro reihpahmaoh ei ta, Act XXII kô 1860 ta Chittagong Hill Tracts papipa a châ.
Chittagong Hill Tracts padua khai tawh chhao Chittagong nata Arakan biehneina khôtho lâ tawh patypamâna a ypazao lymâ pyly. Shendoo rairuna pathlâna châta Bengal, Arakan, Chittagong biehneituhpazy pachâna nano nanopa ama hnei:-
1. Mei nata zaozi ta padia awpa: He he cha Shendoo pahrâna râh tly ru kaw ta, pha viana hlâta chhie viana tlao a tlôkheipa ta ama pachâ.
2. British biehneina su hropazy liata tao dâh hawhta amâ hnia chaipa su lia alôh zuana sôdaohzy taopa ta, khazie rakha ma ama vaw chalei tawhta alôh zuana pachhâsa ta, bieparyhna tao awpa: He chhao he Shendoo kyh liata hlaotloh awpa hnabeiseih chhih vei.
3. Ama zibeizy sôh pie ta, a chyhsazy hlao hneipa pheisaih rai pahriasa awpa: He chhao he ama hraona tawhta ama hmôpazie a chârithô thei aw ma tahpa sia hra vei.
4. British biehneina râh chhâna liata chiphozy meithei chhaichhi tobi ta, âmo sasyh a vaih awpa
5. Shendoo pahrâna râhri taihta British biehneina râh pakawh awpa;
Akyab nata Chittagong tawhta a vao pazapâ leipa ta, Superintendent avaopa biehneina no-eihpa papi awpa
Bengal Lieut.- Governor Sir Cecile Beadon khokheina cha thotlâhpa chipho zibeipazy biehneina za ta, pahnokhei awpa byuh ta; British biehneina amâ pyh awpa pha ta, zibeipazy sôh pie ta sydie awpa a khokhei. Bengal Governor khokheina hlaotloh theina lâpi tlua awpa ta Superintendent thiehpa, thlyutliapa Lewin cha Shendoo atyh awpa ta khitlyna a pathao.
Chittagong Hill Tracts lâ tawh Lieut. Col. Thomas H. Lewin cha Shendoo râh tly awpa ta vaw sie ta, 7 December 1865 ta Dalekmai, Dalutme (Daletmay) a tlô. Daletmay khih cha Beinô chavah kiah liata y ta, ano a tlô daihti nota Rakhaing chyhsa 300, odyh 50 hryh khih ama sa. 15 December 1865 liata meithei hmah phaoh ta, ahrona chhao pahlei daihmâ ta, thohna mohôh awpa ta Akyab lâ sie ta, 20 December ta Akyab a tlô. Akyab liata thohna a mohôh ta, a tlâh via tawhta 5 January 1866 ta Colonel Phayre, Captain Munro zy chhao ta a vaw thao heih ei ta, 12 January 1866 ta Tulukmee (Daletmay) ama tlô. Colonel Phayre cha Tulukmee tawh palie pakhua ha ta, Capt. Munro nata Lewin cha Shendoo râh lâ ama sie. Beinô chavah hnawh sao lymâ ei ta, nochhi lâ tawh vaw tlapa Sullah Kheong ( Salyu chavah?) tlô ei ta; sie pazao ei ta Sullah Kheong liata vaw tlapa Tawoo Kheong ( Tawoo chavah) ama tlô. He Tawoo chavah a pahnopa nama y sy ma? Shendoo hrâsiepazy vâta râhpathohpa liata anyu ei ta, ama hrona pahlei daihmâpa ta a vaw râ ei ta, 11 February 1866 ta Akyab ama tlô pakhua. Shendoo râh a tlyna liata thla no nata no syno nah no sari daihti a hmâh.
Lewin khitlyna tawhta Shendoo thâtih ama pahno via heih. Bengal Government ta Shendus cha Arakan biehneina râh a vaw daihpa liata ypa châ ei ta, British Burma ta maophaona a la awpa a khoh. Chief Commissioner Col. Phayre chhao Shendus rairuna pathlâna kyh pachâna a hnei chanei hra. Akyab tawhta Sendus yna râh a hla kaw ta; chahleikhô ta Akyab liata Shendu kyh pachâ awpa Officer no-eihpa hnei awpa chhao raihria hropa hluh tlôh ta, pakaopâ theipa châ aw vei. Chavâta Shendu pahrâna nata â hnia chaipa su liata Deputy Commissioner biehneina tlupa Superintendent soh sa la, Akyab District tawh pachhaih nanopa ta District eihrâhpa papi awpa apha. Superintendent Headquarters chhao Dalekmai liata y sa la, 1 October 1866 tawhta biehneina pathaopa châ sa la, Akyab District maophaona ry liata a y aw, a tah. Bengal, Chittagong Hill Tracts, Akyab District zy daihti vâropi atymâkhei ei ta, 1865 ta Arakan Hill Tracts cha papi ei ta, Dalekmai liata police maluh pahluh ei ta, 1870 liata biehneina tôtlâh zydua padua khai hapa a châ. Myouk-toung (မြောက်တောင် ) liata sôdaoh suzy pahy ei ta; Superintendent Headquarters chhao Dalekmai tawh Myouk-toung lâ pasie ei ta, 1876 liata Myouk-toung tawhta mile 40 ahlapa Beinô hnawh Palukwa (Paletwa) lâta pasiepa a châ heih.
Shendoo tymâna (Shendoo Trouble) cha Arakan Hill Tracts papisapa miakha a châ. Shendoo rairuna y vei mawh sa la, British ta Arakan Hill Tracts papi thlyu aw vei. Arakan Hill Tracts papi leipa khiah Paletwa cha Akyab District biehneina ry liata y molo thlâh ha aw ta; tanoh eimâ chiaburâkâh ngâpa Paletwa hmisâ chhao â nano kaw thei aw.
ARAKAN HILL TRACTS, LUSHAI HILLS DISTRICT, CHIN HILLS DISTRICT ZY NATA MARAPA thâtih eima pazao via aw.
M. Vahnei
3 Thlarâh 2025
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References:
1. Lieut. T. Latter. 1846. A Note on some Hill Tribes of the Kuladyne River;- Arracan: Journal of Asiatic Society, No. 169; Lieut. T. Latter 67th N.I of the Arracan Local Battalion. p. 60.
2. Alexander Mackenzie. 1884. History of the Relations of the Government with the Hill Tribes of the North-East Frontier of Bengal, p. 329 – 342, 525, 530.
3. Colonel L.W. Shakespear. 1929. History of Assam Rifles, p. 62 & Vumson, Zo History, p.113.
4. H K Barpujari.1988 (Reprint). Problems of the Hill Tribes North East Frontier Vol. II, p. 55- 57
5. Pum Khan Pau. 2020. Indo-Burma Frontier and the Making of the Chin Hills, p. 29 - 48
6. T.H. Lewin. 1870. Wild Races of South-Eastern India, p. 286, 318- 341.
7. G.E.R. Grant Brown. 1960. BURMA GAZETTEER, Northern Arakan District (or Arakan Hill
Tract, Volume A (Reprint), p.8.
8. Capt. T. H. Lewin. 1869. The Hill Tracts of Chittagong and the Dwellers Therein; with Comparative Vocabularies of the Hill Dialects. p. 115, 146 – 151.
9. Lieut. Col. Thomas H. Lewin. 1912. A Fly on the Wheel or How I Happened to Govern India, p. 157.
Credit- M. Vahnei ropa acha.
