Mara Views

09/16/2025

MARA KHOPA LAKHER HILLS DISTRICT

M. Vahnei

Shendoos vâta Northern Arakan District papipa châ ha ta, Shendoo beizy cha dawkhoh nata hmodâh hropazy piepa ta ama sydie. Heimâ beipa Ngôlei lahuah (istri) kha a châ hra aw. Kolodyne (Beinô) chavah kiah liata chaleina nata zuana su sôdaohzy tao ta, aohmâ zy, pala zy zuah ei ta, keipa zy, alôh zy, sâthi zy, meilô zy ama chalei. Shendoos nahta amâ hnia via lymâ ha.

Chittagong Hill Tracts (1860) supipa Rangamati, Northern Arakan District (1865) supipa Paletwa zy padua tuapa châ ta; kô 1889-1890 Chin- Lushai râh la pathao tawh (the Chin- Lushai Expedition of 1889-1890) North Lushai Hills District (1890) supipa Aijal - Aizawl, South Lushai Hills District (1890) supipa Lungleh - Lunglei, Chin Hills District (1896) supipa Falam zy paduapa châ hra ta, cha supipazy tawhta râh amâ vao. Ama biehneina râhri sianô kawpa y vei.
Mongyuh Districts sâ thôh zy biehneina râh khôtho liata 1,000 sq. miles rachhôh kawhpa râh y ta, 21° 45' & 22° 20' N; 92° 41' & 93° 15' E rachhôh likah lia y ta, khotalaipa chiphozy pahrâna râh a châ. Nochhi lâta Chin Hills District (Burma), notla lâta Chittagong Hill Tracts (Bengal), maw lâta Lushai Hills Districts (in Assam since 1898), chho lâta Arakan Hill Tracts zy ta a chadô. He râh liata pahrâpa chyhsazy cha Koladyne (Beinô) chavah nata tlâh lâpizy hmâpa ta Mongyuh biehneina District chhôh zy lâ pakhâna y leipa ta angia ei ta, ama pua. Ama khihzy tawhta Lungleh cha ahla kaw ta, noh 10 tawh no 14 siena châ ta, Paletwa cha noh 3 tawh noh 4 ta ama tlô theipa vâta Arakan District chhôh lâ ama tlyh via. Sherkor (Saikao) khih nata achheipâh khihzy cha Koladyne (Beinô) chavah kiah Arakan sôdaohzy liata hmo zuah ei ta, ama chalei tyh.

Mongyuh sawhkhâ pawlisi cha he râh liata pahrâpa chiphozy kyh liata a chahraoh lei awpa a châ. Government of India (GOI), 25 August 1879 biepiepa cha “ Mongyuh biehneina râh khôtho liata a ypa chyhsazy hrona nata ama hmo hneipa kyhzy liata maophaona raita la lei awpa”; 13 May 1893 GOI “ biehneina râh khôtho liata a ypa chiphozy cha ama kho dâh hawhta tlâ ama y aw”; 23 October 1895 GOI “ biehneina râh khôtho liata a ypa chiphozy ta biehneina râh lia tymâna ama tao vei chhôh zydua cha ama kyh liata a chahraoh lei awpa”; 11 September 1905 Government of Burma (GOB) “biehneina râh khôtho liata a ypa chiphozy kyh lia a chahrao lei awpa” tahpa a châ.

Anodeikua, he râh liata pahrâpa chiphozy ta Mongyuh biehneina Districts chhôh a pahrâpazy siehnao ei ta, hrao ei ta, rairuna tao pazao pyly tyh ei ta, biehneituhpazy amâ tymâkhei kaw heih. 9 December, 1906, Kami-Sabong Affairs 1906-1916 rakha tawhta cha Mongyuh Sawhkhâ ta achahraoh lei awpa pawlisi a saipathi ha.

April, 1914 Government of Burma (GOB) ta Chin Hills Superintendent hnohta “biehneina râh khôtho liata pahrâpa chiphozy thâtih achupa ta, Arakan nata Lushai biehneituhpazy hnohta thlai pahnosa awpa” bie a pie. Chin, Arakan nata Lushai biehneituhpazy 1 March 1915 Laki lia a tyh ta, Burma nata Assam sawhkhâ avaona râh nothlahpa mopathi ta, biehneina râh khôtho liata a ypa khotalaipa chiphozy pahrâna râh pahno pasia awpa Government of Burma nata Government of Assam zy ta ama paryh. Lushai Hills Superintendent Hezlett chhochhi cha Laki atyhna liata District sâ thô ta râh arairuah khai awpa hnabeiseih kaw ta, Districts zy râhrina sianô kawpa a tao chhielie.

Khizaw Adyuhpi ei khana nata Kachin Hills liata rairuna zy vâta Laki atyhna y thei khao vei. Mongyuh biehneina ry lia soh khai ha ta, Districts sâ thôhzy ta arairuah awpa cha apha ama tah. May, 1920 Maymyo atyhna liata Burma nata Assam biehneituhpazy cha biehneina khôtho liata a ypa râh arairuah awpa ama paryhsa. January, 1922 Baw atyhna liata khotalaipa Mara râh cha Chin Hills, Lushai Hills nata Arakan District zy ta ama kho dâh hawh a rai ei ta, ama biehneina râhrizy chhao ama tao pathi. Ti nata tlâh liata pahrâpa chyhsazy khotlyna asaohiah veih ei.

Carey and Tuck, the Chin Hills, 1896 Volume II liata Chin Hills biehneina khihzy Gazetteer of Villages palâsa ta, Haka khih zy, Klangklang (Thatla) khih zy, Yokwa khih zy nata khih eihrâhpa 45 zy palâsa ta, Marapa pahrâna khih miakha chhao a hlao mâh vei.

Chhâ hluhpi Marapa hmaohkha ta pahrâ khohna ti nata tlâh cha chaphiechadawhpa ta Northern Arakan District, Lushai Hills District, Chin Hills District zy ta amâ rai khai ha. Adaihti nota Marapa ta aly tiarâh vei. Chavâta Mara khih bei 23 zy cha January, 1945 Saikao khih liata reipahmaohna hnei ei ta, Marapa zydua asypahmaohna Lakher Hills District no-eihpa hnei awpa ta reiraohna bie ama pathlu. Lakher Hills District hnei awpa khona Governor of Assam lâta 4 January 1945 liata ei khana châ pangia ei ta, 3 November 1945 nata December zy liata ama pangia chanei heih. 4 July 1947 châ pangia hnoh chaipa liata cha Lakher Hills District pie thei leipa khiah Marapa zydua su kha liata asyhpahmaoh thei n’awpa ta Lushai Hills District liata Marapa zydua British Burma sawhkhâ lâ bai khai lâlao awpa amâ hnaw.

Mara Nôpaw hmiatuapazy mâsana nata kho pasana cha uasa leipa ta hnoh ama vaw chhy ha. Ama mâsana cha tanoh taih hroh thlâh ha ta, Marapa dâhphina chhao pai thei hra vei. Nochhi Mara ta a dâhphi pasa via. Marapa saduthliena râh cha daihtydaihmâ kawpa ta hmiahkhu tihâh pa-eih para chhyhpa hawhta tlâ châ vei (not hurry cooked desire and vision). Chhâ zydua liata Marapa ta â zeihkheipa a châ.

January, 1922 Baw liata Marapa pahrâna ti nah tlâh patlawchheihpa cha chhâ a sie laihpa liata sawhkhâzy ta ryu hawhta tonoh taih ama chhy lymâ. Mongyuh biehneituhpazy tao chheina cha chheipâh pahrâpa chipho hropazy ta tao padokhei awpa thapasana palôh ama hnei leipa hleikhô ta, Marapa kyh liata rypaohna phapa châta tlao ama hmâh.

Mongyuh biehneina daihti nota Mara khopa cha Chin Hills District châ leipa ta, Lushai Hills District châ leipa ta, Northern Arakan District châ hra leipa ta; MARA (LAKHER) HILLS DISTRICT A CHÂ.

Eima reih pazao via chy aw.

M. Vahnei
16 Thlarâh 2025

References

1. H.K. Barpujari. 1981. Problem of the Hill Tribies North – East Frontier, 1873-1962, Vol. III.
2. Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, 52nd Session (1991-92). 1992. p. 643-648
3. Carey and Tuck. 1896. The Chin Hills, Vol. II
4. K. Robin. 2016. The Maras: History, Polity and Identity

Âdo viapa na pahno khiah vaw pado la, âki leipa vaw p**i la; Like nata Share zy ei châ ly kaw sai ei. Like nata Share leipa chhao ei châ ly pyly ei.

09/14/2025

PHOPI NATA REIH ABOHNA

Laiu Fachhai

1. Eima reih a lei awpa tawhta abohna cha, a lei thei awpa duahmo liata a ypa â pahno ta, abohna châta hmalapa a châ.

2. Chihropazy ta eima phopi cha, economic, cultural, language nata power zy liata miah ama palô (assimilate) awpa tawhta abohna cha, so thai kakwpa ta miah palô (assimilate) a chhuahpa ama ypa pahno ta, abohna châta lyuri bâkhâh pakhâh thai awpa a châ.

3. Châthaipa nata thyutliazy ta ama reih pasôpa ta ama chei lymâ khiahta cha, cha reih cha â boh aw.

4. Châthaipazy ta chihropa maluh hluh viapa nata thaisoh viapazy hry liata âmo nohâh yna nata tovyuh phapa tlaichhai leipa ta, ama phopi maluh chyh viapa nata hnôhkhaw viapa châta amâ duapahroh lymâ khiahta cha, cha phopi cha a boh aw ta, a laiseih lymâ aw.

5. Reih kha a cheihpa phopi chyhsazy ta tovyuh nata châna zy a chhu leipa ta, âmo nata âmo a tei leipa ta, lôraohpa ta râh châta ama hria lymâ khiahta cha, cha phopi cha a boh aw ta, a laiseih aw.

6. Phopi eihpa nata reih eihpa a cheihpa châna a pahnopasiapazy cha, chihropazy a hao leipa aw ei ta, chihropa a bai hra leipa aw ei ta, ama phopi nata reih cha amâ bôna (foundation) ta â i ngaitapa ta hmâh aw ei ta, chihropazy chhao ta ama za (respect) aw.

7. Khazohpa pahno ta, china chôta, adona, ngâchhihna, pathaihna nata kyhpachâna hrozy ta phie a hroh hapa nata tiama hriapasapa phopi nata reih zy cha, a boh aw ei ta, ama laiseih lymâ aw.

PS:
Phopi nata reih abohna nata laiseihna rai hria tita deikua, thachahra hmâ leipa (non-violence) ta hria awpa châ ta, sawhkhâ pasaina ry liata dâh nata phôh phapa nata a ipazy a tao awpa a châ.

09/12/2025

Charlie Kirk athi tupa patu hawa acha.
===========================
Charlie Kirk aka tupa chysa moleipa cha patu hawpa acha. He chysa moh he Tyler Robinson ama tapa cha. Kô(22) uthie chypa satlia thyudeipa acha.

He chysa he Utah state liata liata a ypa apipa chata Apaw ta Police nawla ta azaona taota apatusa, thati apie haw ei tapa acha.

Charlie athino liata hawti no kô-4 nata Hawti paw kô-1 pha chypa sawkho chhi ngasa pa ahnei. Lapi no nata saw pano he asiesai haw tapa acha.

Charlie Kirk အား လုပ်ကြံသည့်တရားခံကို ဖမ်းဆီးရမိ
-----------
စက်တင်ဘာလ ၁၂ ၊ ၂၀၂၅

Charlie Kirk အား လုပ်ကြံခဲ့တဲ့ သေနတ်သမားကို ဖမ်းဆီးရမိပြီလို့ သိရပါတယ္။ လုပ်ကြံသူဟာ Tyler Robinson အသက် -(၂၂) နှစ် လူငယ်တစ်ယောက်ဖြစ်တယ်လို့သိရပါတယ္။

တရားခံဟာ Utah ပြည်နယ်သားဖြစ်ပြီး အဖေဖြစ်သူက အာဏာပိုင်တွေကိုဆက်သွယ်ကာ သားဖြစ်သူတရားခံကိုအပ်နှံခဲ့တာ ဖြစ်ကြောင်းသိရပါတယ္။

Charlie Kirk ဟာ ပြီးခဲ့တဲ့ စက်တင်ဘာလ ၁၀ ရက်နေ့က အမေရိကန်ပြည်ထောင်စု ၊ Utah ပြည်နယ်၊ Utah Valley University မှာပြုလုပ်တဲ့အခမ်းအနားတစ်ခုမှာ မိန့် ခွန်းပြောနေစဉ် သေနတ်နဲ့ ပစ်ခတ်လုပ်ကြံခံခဲ့ရပြီး သေဆုံးသွားခဲ့ပါတယ်။ Charlie သေဆုံးချိန်တွင် အသက် ၄ နှစ်အရွယ်သမီး နဲ့ အသက် ၁ နှစ်အရွယ်သားလေး နဲ့ ဇနီးတို့ကျန်ရစ်ခဲ့ပါတယ်။

09/12/2025

Breaking news
===========
Vice President JD Vance nata alapi no Usha zy cha USA rah liata zahnia ama thipa Charlie Kirk Chhokha zy aty awpa ta ama sie tapa acha. Ri chhao he Utah tawta Arizona la Zawtheina Air Force Two ta phaopa acha aw tapa pahno pa acha.

Vice President JD Vance နှင့် ၎င်း၏ဇနီး Usha တို့က Charlie Kirk ရဲ့ မိသားစုနှင့်တွေ့ဆုံရန် Salt Lake City သို့သွားရောက်ခဲ့ကြပြီး Charlie Kirk ရဲ့ ရုပ်အ​လောင်းကို Utah မှ Arizona သို့ Air Force Two နှင့် သယ်သွားမယ်လို့ သိရှိရပါတယ်။

Ref: Fox News

09/11/2025

Maraland la siehaw.

Marasaw liata hlasa thaipa mo patha kawpa MHP President John. Beizachhi Phuto nata Jessica Hlychho Mara idol kô-2021 zy cha atano he Tari: September 11,2025 no Time 12:00pm tawta India rah la ta ama Zawna aw tapa thati theipa acha.

MCC- USA Central Chairman Central Advisor Pupa. Cyrus Zalo, Sports Secretary Pupa. Vabiethau zy ta DC Airport la ama kawpathli pa acha.

09/07/2025

Mara rah keimo ei acha. Na rah vawpa bo sala Marapa he ky vawpa cha ha ma ei.

09/03/2025

NORTHERN ARAKAN DISTRICT OR ARAKAN HILL TRACTS

“MARAPA CHA ACHHUAH PARUPA MIAKHAKHA CHÂTA TLÂ PAPICHHYHPA CHIPHO CHÂ VEI”

Heimâh beipa Ngôlei lahuah moh pathâh kaw ta, khinôpâ nata âhlapizy tawhta lahuah mo awpa ta Heimâ khih ama pangai hôlô. Chasipaw noh ry lia a khaihpahliepa thlarawsie ta, hla ama pathaothlupâ ngâ kaw. Lahuah a hua ta, chasipaw noh lalôhpa â aih tyh thlyu aw. Khâpa lahuah rimâ ma ama tahpa cha, chysia ahnaona istri ( Burma reih မီးပူ) a vaw châ thlâh ha bao; Mongyuh lathli. Kha daihti nota Shendu syna dâh chi nano nanopa hmâpa ta ama tei.


Looshai, Pooi, Khumi, Shendoos nata chipho hropazy likah hraona, sei ta patuna nata athienazy rei pachhuah ngâ awpa pha khao vei. Adaihti nota chyhsazysai tlâ châ pyly hra ei ta. British biehneina chhôh rairuna a tao viapazy (trouble makers) hryta ama biehneina râhri â vaw daihpa liata a pahrâpa chiphozy thâtih 1830 kôzy tawhta ama vaw pahno pathao. Kô 1847 Lieut. T. Latter ta tlâhzy lâ khitly ta, “Shentoos” tahpa chipho moh Arakan lâtawh châropazy liata a vaw palâsa. 1847 rakha tawh Arakan nata Chittagong zy ta Shindu kyh amâ vaw tymâkhei pathao lymâ ha.

Rairuna a taopa chiphozy thâhtih achu pasia awpa nata Wullings, Zoulling, Yulling chariah padia awpa ta December, 1847 liata Akyab tawh Lieut. Henry Hopkinson nata a pheisaihzy chhao ta Beinô hnawh kaw sao lymâ ei ta, 30 December 1847 ta Dalekmai; Talume tlô ei ta, hlaotloh leipa ta ama kua. Hopkinson khitlyna aphahnaikhei kawpa hmo miakha cha Khumi chipho pahrâna râh â vaw daihpa ti nah râh liata a pahrâpa, British ryureina râh chhôh liata a vaw patypamâ ngâthlâh ha tyhpa Shendoo thâtih a pahno pasia viana kha a châ. A kô heihpa 1848, 49 liata Capt. Hodgkison, Lieut. Sandes nata ama pheisaihzy cha Beinô chavah kaw sao lymâ heih ei ta, Sherkor nata Tuipang khih chheipâh kaw tlô ei ta, Shendoo ta a vaw byh ta, amâ vaw dyuhpa vâta hmiatôh thei khao leipa ta, Paletwa lâ ama vaw kua.

Shendu cha Kaladan (Beinô) chavah lâ tawhta Chittagong biehneina chhôh khihzy vaw hrao tyh ta, chavâta Arakan lâ tawhta Shendu siena tyhpa lâthlôh liata pheisaih yna (outpost) sopa ta ama vaih awpa apha tahpa pachâna ama hnei. Arakan Local Battalion ta Dalekmai lia Akyab Police maluh pahluh via ta, Kolak chavah (Kulâ – Kaletchaung ကုလားချောင်း) tlana Kaladyne (Beinô) chavah nochhi lâ tlâh thlôhpa liata Akyab Police Thanna a soh. He Akyab Police Thanna tawhta Chittagong Hill Tracts lâ â siepahlie thei. Châhvâ daihti Beinô raphyu liata pheisaihzy cha zawpi pachhiparyna châta apatlâh ei ta, meithei laipazy ama ka tyh. Chavâta asu cha Setpitpyin (စက်ပစ်ပြင်) “khaw meithei kana” tahpa châ ta, tanoh taih cha su liata Setpitpyi khih y ta, Rakhaing chyhsazy ama pahrâ.

Hopkinson ta Shendu yna râh tly awpa cha ru ngâsâ ta, chyhsa tuah ta biechho awpa ta a sie ngâhpa y hra vei ei. Shendu beizy sôh piepa ta bieparyhna taopa châ hra mawh sa la, kô tota hraona tawhta ama hmôpa sôthih, chyhsa ama patupazy vyuhpa ta achârithô thei aw ma, tahpa chhao sia vei, a tah. Chahleikhô ta Shendu cha zibeipa pakha biehneina ry liata a ypa châ leipa ei ta, ama khih nata pho nanopa chyu ta zibeipa hnei khai ei ta, khih kha nata pho kha deita nah ta aparyh mawh la, rairu viana a vaw pazi thei aw. Shendu he a vao pahnie leipa khiah rairuna a y pazao lymâ aw. Shendu ta Khon chipho cha lâpi chhotuhpa nata mohparutuhpazy ta ama hmâ tyh. Mongyuh biehneituhpa (European Officer) pakha maophaona piepa ta, âmozy nah ta biechhona a hnei awpa pha ta; eimâ chahraoh chhei khiah chhie viana a tlô thei aw. Shendu pahrâna râh â thaona taih ta British biehneina râh pakawh thei khiah Shendu a vao pahniena pha chaipa châ aw ta; cha hawhta tao thei leipa tlyma, tao ta hlaotloh leipa tlyma khiah Shendu kyh cha pachâ khao rai leipa ta hnohchhy molo apha chai aw, a tah.

Chittagong Commissioner cha chasipaw daihti maih ta pheisaih nata police zy pahlypa ta siehnao tyh sa la, asu liata pheisaih nata police outpost zy so awpa ta a pachâ. Châhrasala Bengal Governor Sir John Peter Grant ta ti nata tlâh, khichâh zy vâta hlaotloh theina rairu kaw aw ta, chahleikhô ta Mongyuh biehneina â pyhpa nata â pyh leipa khihzy pathlua aru kaw aw. Ama khih beizy nata khihsawzy meithei pie ta, sasyh avaih awpa apha via awpa ta a pachâ. Hopkinson pachâna cha Bengal nata Arakan biehneituhpazy vâro reihpahmaoh ei ta, Act XXII kô 1860 ta Chittagong Hill Tracts papipa a châ.

Chittagong Hill Tracts padua khai tawh chhao Chittagong nata Arakan biehneina khôtho lâ tawh patypamâna a ypazao lymâ pyly. Shendoo rairuna pathlâna châta Bengal, Arakan, Chittagong biehneituhpazy pachâna nano nanopa ama hnei:-

1. Mei nata zaozi ta padia awpa: He he cha Shendoo pahrâna râh tly ru kaw ta, pha viana hlâta chhie viana tlao a tlôkheipa ta ama pachâ.

2. British biehneina su hropazy liata tao dâh hawhta amâ hnia chaipa su lia alôh zuana sôdaohzy taopa ta, khazie rakha ma ama vaw chalei tawhta alôh zuana pachhâsa ta, bieparyhna tao awpa: He chhao he Shendoo kyh liata hlaotloh awpa hnabeiseih chhih vei.

3. Ama zibeizy sôh pie ta, a chyhsazy hlao hneipa pheisaih rai pahriasa awpa: He chhao he ama hraona tawhta ama hmôpazie a chârithô thei aw ma tahpa sia hra vei.

4. British biehneina râh chhâna liata chiphozy meithei chhaichhi tobi ta, âmo sasyh a vaih awpa

5. Shendoo pahrâna râhri taihta British biehneina râh pakawh awpa;
Akyab nata Chittagong tawhta a vao pazapâ leipa ta, Superintendent avaopa biehneina no-eihpa papi awpa

Bengal Lieut.- Governor Sir Cecile Beadon khokheina cha thotlâhpa chipho zibeipazy biehneina za ta, pahnokhei awpa byuh ta; British biehneina amâ pyh awpa pha ta, zibeipazy sôh pie ta sydie awpa a khokhei. Bengal Governor khokheina hlaotloh theina lâpi tlua awpa ta Superintendent thiehpa, thlyutliapa Lewin cha Shendoo atyh awpa ta khitlyna a pathao.

Chittagong Hill Tracts lâ tawh Lieut. Col. Thomas H. Lewin cha Shendoo râh tly awpa ta vaw sie ta, 7 December 1865 ta Dalekmai, Dalutme (Daletmay) a tlô. Daletmay khih cha Beinô chavah kiah liata y ta, ano a tlô daihti nota Rakhaing chyhsa 300, odyh 50 hryh khih ama sa. 15 December 1865 liata meithei hmah phaoh ta, ahrona chhao pahlei daihmâ ta, thohna mohôh awpa ta Akyab lâ sie ta, 20 December ta Akyab a tlô. Akyab liata thohna a mohôh ta, a tlâh via tawhta 5 January 1866 ta Colonel Phayre, Captain Munro zy chhao ta a vaw thao heih ei ta, 12 January 1866 ta Tulukmee (Daletmay) ama tlô. Colonel Phayre cha Tulukmee tawh palie pakhua ha ta, Capt. Munro nata Lewin cha Shendoo râh lâ ama sie. Beinô chavah hnawh sao lymâ ei ta, nochhi lâ tawh vaw tlapa Sullah Kheong ( Salyu chavah?) tlô ei ta; sie pazao ei ta Sullah Kheong liata vaw tlapa Tawoo Kheong ( Tawoo chavah) ama tlô. He Tawoo chavah a pahnopa nama y sy ma? Shendoo hrâsiepazy vâta râhpathohpa liata anyu ei ta, ama hrona pahlei daihmâpa ta a vaw râ ei ta, 11 February 1866 ta Akyab ama tlô pakhua. Shendoo râh a tlyna liata thla no nata no syno nah no sari daihti a hmâh.

Lewin khitlyna tawhta Shendoo thâtih ama pahno via heih. Bengal Government ta Shendus cha Arakan biehneina râh a vaw daihpa liata ypa châ ei ta, British Burma ta maophaona a la awpa a khoh. Chief Commissioner Col. Phayre chhao Shendus rairuna pathlâna kyh pachâna a hnei chanei hra. Akyab tawhta Sendus yna râh a hla kaw ta; chahleikhô ta Akyab liata Shendu kyh pachâ awpa Officer no-eihpa hnei awpa chhao raihria hropa hluh tlôh ta, pakaopâ theipa châ aw vei. Chavâta Shendu pahrâna nata â hnia chaipa su liata Deputy Commissioner biehneina tlupa Superintendent soh sa la, Akyab District tawh pachhaih nanopa ta District eihrâhpa papi awpa apha. Superintendent Headquarters chhao Dalekmai liata y sa la, 1 October 1866 tawhta biehneina pathaopa châ sa la, Akyab District maophaona ry liata a y aw, a tah. Bengal, Chittagong Hill Tracts, Akyab District zy daihti vâropi atymâkhei ei ta, 1865 ta Arakan Hill Tracts cha papi ei ta, Dalekmai liata police maluh pahluh ei ta, 1870 liata biehneina tôtlâh zydua padua khai hapa a châ. Myouk-toung (မြောက်တောင် ) liata sôdaoh suzy pahy ei ta; Superintendent Headquarters chhao Dalekmai tawh Myouk-toung lâ pasie ei ta, 1876 liata Myouk-toung tawhta mile 40 ahlapa Beinô hnawh Palukwa (Paletwa) lâta pasiepa a châ heih.

Shendoo tymâna (Shendoo Trouble) cha Arakan Hill Tracts papisapa miakha a châ. Shendoo rairuna y vei mawh sa la, British ta Arakan Hill Tracts papi thlyu aw vei. Arakan Hill Tracts papi leipa khiah Paletwa cha Akyab District biehneina ry liata y molo thlâh ha aw ta; tanoh eimâ chiaburâkâh ngâpa Paletwa hmisâ chhao â nano kaw thei aw.

ARAKAN HILL TRACTS, LUSHAI HILLS DISTRICT, CHIN HILLS DISTRICT ZY NATA MARAPA thâtih eima pazao via aw.

M. Vahnei
3 Thlarâh 2025

Âdo viapa na pahno khiah bâh vaw pado la, âki leipa vaw p**i la; Like nata Share zy ei châ ly kaw sai ei. Like nata Share leipa chhao ei châ ly pyly ei.


References:

1. Lieut. T. Latter. 1846. A Note on some Hill Tribes of the Kuladyne River;- Arracan: Journal of Asiatic Society, No. 169; Lieut. T. Latter 67th N.I of the Arracan Local Battalion. p. 60.
2. Alexander Mackenzie. 1884. History of the Relations of the Government with the Hill Tribes of the North-East Frontier of Bengal, p. 329 – 342, 525, 530.
3. Colonel L.W. Shakespear. 1929. History of Assam Rifles, p. 62 & Vumson, Zo History, p.113.
4. H K Barpujari.1988 (Reprint). Problems of the Hill Tribes North East Frontier Vol. II, p. 55- 57
5. Pum Khan Pau. 2020. Indo-Burma Frontier and the Making of the Chin Hills, p. 29 - 48
6. T.H. Lewin. 1870. Wild Races of South-Eastern India, p. 286, 318- 341.
7. G.E.R. Grant Brown. 1960. BURMA GAZETTEER, Northern Arakan District (or Arakan Hill
Tract, Volume A (Reprint), p.8.
8. Capt. T. H. Lewin. 1869. The Hill Tracts of Chittagong and the Dwellers Therein; with Comparative Vocabularies of the Hill Dialects. p. 115, 146 – 151.
9. Lieut. Col. Thomas H. Lewin. 1912. A Fly on the Wheel or How I Happened to Govern India, p. 157.

Credit- M. Vahnei ropa acha.

07/01/2025

05/12/2025

Mo ngahma achhi va dai maw, He za ta taochhi pa he ama cho liata tlo maw sy.

မအလများ သိစေမြင်စေကြားစေ

စစ်တပ်က ဒီပဲယင်းစာသင်ကျောင်းကို ဗုံးကြဲလို့ ဆရာမ ၂ ဦးအပါအဝင် ကျောင်းသူ/သား ၂၀ ဦး သေဆုံးပြီး ၅၀ နီးပါ ထိခိုက်ဒဏ်ရာရ (ရုပ်သံ)

၁ မသက်ထားဝေ G11
၂ မောင်စိုးမိုးသွန်း G3
၃ မောင်ချမ်းမြေ့အောင် G4
၄ မရွှန်းလဲ့ဝေ G2
၅ မဖြိုးဝေဖြိုး G3
၆ မသွန်းစက်ဖြူ G2
၇ မထက်ရတီထွန်း G4
၈ မောင်မြတ်နိုးမောင်မောင် G9
၉ မမွန်မီမီအောင် G4
၁၀ မမိုးဟေကျော် G4
၁၁ မမို့မို့ဝင်း G10
၁၂ မလှအုံးမယ် G7
၁၃ မမိုးမြင့်ဟန် G7
၁၄ မအေးငြိမ်းစံ G3
၁၅ မောင်ဇေယျာဖြိုး G5
၁၆ မချယ်လီမိုး G2
၁၇ မောင်လွှမ်းပိုင်ထက် G2
၁၈ မမြတ်နိုးဦး G7
၁၉ မငြိမ်းရွှေရတီမိုး G2
၂၀ မစုလတ်နိုင် G2
၂၁ ဒေါ်ပန်းမို့မို့ဝေ ဆရာမ
၂၂ ဒေါ်ဇင်မာသူ ဆရာမ

Grade 2 ကျောင်းသား ၆ ယောက်၊ Grade 3 ကျောင်းသား ၃ ယောက်၊ Grade 4 ကျောင်းသား ၄ ယောက်၊ Grade 5 ကျောင်းသား ၁ ယောက်၊ Grade 7 ကျောင်းသား ၃ ယောက်၊ Grade 9 ကျောင်းသား ၁ ယောက်၊ Grade 10 ကျောင်းသား ၁ ယောက်၊ Grade 11 ကျောင်းသား ၁ ယောက်၊ ဆရာမ နှစ်ယောက် စုစုပေါင်း ၂၂ ယောက်ဖြစ်ပါတယ်။ Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 အစရှိတဲ့ အတန်းငယ်ကျောင်းသားငယ်လေးတွေပိုမိုသေဆုံးခဲ့ကြပါတယ်။

04/30/2025

USA rah liata Moleipa liata Myanmar chysa mo(3) ahlao.

သမ္မတထရမ့်၏ ရက် ၁၀၀ သက်တမ်းအတွင်း ဖမ်းဆီးခဲ့သော ရွှေ့ပြောင်းနေထိုင်သူ ရာဇဝတ်တရားခံ ၁၀၀ ဦး၏ ဓာတ်ပုံများကို အိမ်ဖြူတော်တွင် ခင်းကျင်းပြသထားပြီး မြန်မာနိုင်ငံသား ၃ ဦးပါဝင်
===========================

President Trum ta biehneina ala tawta no-100 chho liata moleipa chysa asiepa thaina ataona liata Myanmar chysa mo(3) ahlaopa acha.
Nothlapa liata No naw-59,77 nata 82 lia naw he ama cha.

USA rah lita Chysa pakha moleina vata Myanmar chysa zydua pi eima Nochhi ta he chysa moleina ahneipa chysa naw he la piemu kaw Keimo hawta refugee chysa zy ma ama nga raw va ma?

[Burmese version]
◾️ အမေရိကန်သမ္မတထရမ့်၏ အာဏာရယူပြီး ရက် ၁၀၀ သက်တမ်းအတွင်း ဖမ်းဆီးခဲ့သော ရွှေ့ပြောင်းနေထိုင်သူ ရာဇဝတ်တရားခံ ၁၀၀ ဦး၏ ဓာတ်ပုံများကို အိမ်ဖြူတော်တွင် ခင်းကျင်းပြသထားပြီး မြန်မာနိုင်ငံသား ၃ ဦးပါဝင်ကြောင်း အမေရိကန်အိမ်ဖြူတော်၏ ဧပြီလ ၂၈ ရက်နေ့ ထုတ်ပြန်ချက်တွင် ဖော်ပြထားသည်။

အဆိုပါ ရွှေ့ပြောင်း ရာဇဝတ်တရားခံ ၁၀၀ ဦးတွင် မြန်မာနိုင်ငံသား ၃ ဦး ပါဝင်ပြီးပါတယ်၊
- နံပါတ် အမှတ်စဉ် ၅၉ အဖြစ် မြန်မာနိုင်ငံသား တေမြင့် (ပြစ်မှု - ကလေးတစ်ဦးကို ပြင်းထန်စွာ လိင်ပိုင်းဆိုင်ရာ စော်ကားမှု ဖြင့် ထောင် ၁၂နှစ်ကျ)
- အမှတ်စဉ် ၇၇ အဖြစ် မြန်မာနိုင်ငံသား Thang Lam KAP (ပြစ်မှု - ကလေးကို နှိပ်စက်ခြင်း ပြစ်မှုဖြင့် ထောင် ၇နှစ်ကျ)
- အမှတ်စဉ် ၈၂ အဖြစ် မြန်မာနိုင်ငံသား Samuel LUNG-Sein (ပြစ်မှု - အဓမ္မ မုဒိမ်းမှု ဖြင့် ထောင် ၁၀နှစ်ကျ)

တို့ဖြစ်ကြောင်း သိရှိရသည်။

Ref: White House

04/03/2025

https://youtu.be/hmuI2KFNKv4?feature=shared

Lautu nata Mara ky Chapy khi History C .Thahe MVI Fundraising

10/26/2024

Siasi khipa la cha ngu vei. Locheita pa acha ngu hi, Ano deila Siasi khi liata a y hawpa acha aw. Satlia.Va E