09/10/2025
Stages of Social-Emotional Development: Birth to 3 Years
The first three years of life are full of rapid growth, especially in social and emotional development. From birth, babies begin bonding through eye contact, crying to express needs, and soothing when held. This stage builds trust and security, forming the foundation for later relationships.
By around 6–12 months, infants start showing stranger anxiety, recognizing familiar faces, and responding to the emotions of those around them. They begin to learn that their feelings are connected to others, which is an important step in empathy development.
Between 12–24 months, toddlers start to test independence. They may say “no” often, show frustration, and have big emotional outbursts. While this can be challenging, it’s a normal and healthy part of learning boundaries and autonomy. At the same time, they begin showing affection, seeking comfort, and imitating social behaviors.
By age 2–3, children develop stronger self-awareness. They start understanding turn-taking, playing alongside peers (parallel play), and expressing a wider range of emotions with words. They may also begin to show early problem-solving skills and empathy, like offering comfort when someone is upset.
Supporting children through these stages means meeting their emotions with patience, guiding them with love, and modeling regulation. Each stage builds the skills needed for resilience, healthy relationships, and confidence as they grow.