09/05/2025
#በእንተ #ጳጉሜን (በአማርኛና በልሳነ እንግሊዝ)
(እስትግቡዕ ትምህርት)
የኢትዮጵያ ዘመን አቆጣጠር የኢትዮጵያ ዋና ቀሌንጦን ሲሆን የኢትዮጵያ ኦርቶዶክስ ተዋሕዶ ቤተ ክርስቲያን ደግሞ ምንጩ ናት። ይህ ቀሌንጦን በውስጡ 13ት አውራኅን ያካትታል። እነዚህ ወሮች በቤተ ክርስቲያን ምሳሌነት አላቸው። 12ቱ (ከመስከረም እስከ ነሐሴ ያሉት) የ12ቱ ሐዋርያት ምሳሌዎች ሲሆኑ ዛሬ የምንጀምራት በግሪኩ (ἐπαγόμενοι/ἐπαγόμεναι) ተጨማሪ ማለት የሆነችው ጳጉሜን አሥራ ሦስተኛዋ ወር ደግሞ የመድኃኔ ዓለም ኢየሱስ ክርስቶስ ምሳሌ ናት። ከዚህ በተጨማሪም ይህች ታናሽ ወር የያዘቻቸው ዕለታት (በዘመነ ዮሐንስ፣ በማቴዎስ እና በማርቆስ 5ት፣ በዘመነ ሉቃስ 6ት እና በ600 ዓመታት አንዴ 7ት የሚሆኑት ዕለታት) በሚከተለው መልኩም ይመሰላሉ።
#5ቱ #ዕለታት፦
=>5ቱን አዕማደ ምሥጢራት ሰጥቶ አስተምሮ በ5ት ችንካር ተቸንክሮ ቤዛ ለመሆኑ ምሳሌ፣
=>የኢዮብ የመከራ ዘመኑ ምሳሌ እና ከዚያም በዮርዳኖስ ተጠምቆ የመዳኑ (መስከረም 1)፣
=>የመጥምቁ ዮሐንስ የእስራት ቀናት መታሰቢያዎች፤ ቅዱሱ ጳጉሜን 1ድ ታስሯል።
=>በብሉይ ኪዳን መከራ የጸናባቸው 5ቱ አባቶች ምሳሌ ናቸው። እነርሱም ጻድቁ ኢዮብ፣ ነቢዩ ኢሳይያስ፣ ነቢዩ ኤርምያስ፣ ካህኑ ዘካርያስ ወልደ በራክዩ እና መጥምቁ ዮሐንስ ናቸው።
=>የብሉይ ኪዳን ዘመን (5,500) ምሳሌዎችም ናቸው
*5ቱ ዕለታት - የ 5,000 ዘመን ምሳሌ ሲሆኑ
*ዘመን የሚለወጥባት ሌሊት የእኩሌታው (የ500ው)
=>5ቱ ዕለታት - የዚህ ዓለምም ምሳሌዎች ናቸው
- ጳጉሜን ሲያልቅ አዲስ ዓመት እንዲተካ ይህ ዓለም አልፎ አዲስ ይተካልና
- መስከረም 1ድ - የአዝማነ መንግሥተ ሰማያት ምሳሌ ናት
=>እንዲሁም 5ቱ ዕለታት - የዘመነ ምጽዓት ምሳሌዎች ናቸው
- በድርሳነ ሰንበት “በአጭር ወር ይመጣል“ እንዲል፤ አንድም በዓመት ውስጥ በየሦስት ወሩ ከ4ቱ ዳግም ምጽአት ከሚታሰብባቸው ጊዜያት (ታኅሣሥ 4-6፣ በዐቢይ ጾም በዕለተ ደብረ ዘይት፣ ሰኔ 25 እና ወርኀ ጳጉሜን) አንዱ ይህች ወር በመሆኗ ዕለቶቿ ለዳግም ምጽዓት ምሳሌዎች ሆነዋል።
- በዚህ ወቅት ምስባካቱ እና የሚነበቡት የወንጌል ምንባባት ይህንኑ ያሳያሉ።
*ጳጉሜን 1 - ማቴ 14፥1-7 ወበውእቱ መዋዕል ሰምዐ ሄሮድስ ንጉሥ ...ስለ ዮሐንስ መጥምቅ ቀጥሎ ያነሳሳል፤ እሱም ስለ መንግሥተ ሰማያት መምጣት አስተምሯል።
*ጳጉሜን 2 - ሉቃ 10፥1-12 ወእምዝ አርአየ እግዚእነ ካልአነ ዘሐዋርያት . . . በእርሷ ያሉትን ድውዮችን ፈውሱና የእግዚአብሔር መንግሥት ወደ እናንተ ቀረበች በሏቸው የሚለውን ንባብ እናገኝበታለን።
*ጳጉሜን 3 - ማቴ 25፥31 - ፍም. ወአመ ይመጽእ ወልደ ዕጓለ እመሕያው ... መዝ. 49(50)፥2 “ከክብሩ ውበት ከጽዮን እግዚአብሔር ግልጥ ሆኖ ይመጣል” በማለት ዳግም ምጽአቱን ያስነብባል።
*ጳጉሜን 4 - ማቴ 18፥23 -ፍም. በእንተዝ ትመስል መንግሥተ ሰማያት ...በማለት ስለመንግሥቱ ያነሳል።
*ጳጉሜን 5 - ማቴ 5፥ 1-17 ወሶበ ርእየ . . . መንግሥተ ሰማያት የእነርሱ ናትና እያለ ሃሳቡን ያነሳሳዋል።
ዓዲ (ወይም) - ማር 16፥15-19 ወይቤሎሙ ሑሩ ውስተ ኵሉ ዓለም ...ያመነ የተጠመቀ ይድናል ያላመነ ግን ይፈረድበታል በማለት ፍርድን ምጽአትን ያሳያል።
*ጳጉሜን 6 - ሉቃ 13፥1-10 ወቦ እለ መጽኡ ኀቤሁ . . .ነገር ግን ንስሐ ባትገቡ ሁላችሁ እንዲሁ ትጠፋላችሁ ..ቁረጣት ስለምን መሬቱን ታጎሳቁላለች...በዚህች ዓመት ደግሞ ተዋት ...ወደፊትም ብታፈራ ደህና ነው ያለዚያ ግን ትቆርጣታለህ አለው። በማለት በፍጻሜ ዘመን አንድም በሞት የሚሆነውን ያመላክታል።
(ከሚከተሉት ማናበብ የተሻለ መረዳት ይሰጣል - ዮሐንስ መጥምቅ በማቴ 3፥10 ሉቃ 3፥9 ላይ “አሁንስ ምሳር በዛፎች ሥር ተቀምጧል እንግዲህ መልካም ፍሬ የማያደርግ ዛፍ ሁሉ ይቆረጣል ወደ እሳትም ይጣላል እኔ ለንስሐ በውኃ አጠምቃችኋለሁ ...አውድማውንም ፈጽሞ ያጠራል” በማለት የተናገረውን እንዲሁም በማቴ 13፥30 “እስከ መከር ጊዜ አብረው ይደጉ፤ በመከር ጊዜም አጫጆችን፦ እንክርዳዱን አስቀድማችሁ ልቀሙ በእሳትም ለማቃጠል በየነዶው እሰሩ፥ ስንዴውን ግን በጎተራዬ ክተቱ እላለሁ አለ።” ያለውን ያስተውለዋል።)
=>የጳጉሜን ወር - ዘመነ ንስሐ ነው - መጥምቁ ዮሐንስም “መንግስተ ሰማያት ቀርባለችና ንስሐ ግቡ” ማቴ.3፥1 እያለ ማስተማሩን ልብ ይለዋል። ስለዚህ በመንግሥተ ሰማያት የተመሰለውን አዲሱን ዘመን በንስሐ በጾም በጸሎት መቀበሉ ተገቢ ይሆናል።
- በዚህም መሠረት #ጾመ #ዮዲት ተብሎ ይጾማል።
#የመጠመቅ #ነገር፦
በጳጉሜን ወር ከሚከወኑ አበይት ክርስቲያናዊ ተግባራት መካከል ጸበል መጸበል አንዱ ነው። ለዚህም በምክንያትነት የሚከተሉት ይጠቀሳሉ።
1. ወቅቱ ከቅዱስ ዮሐንስ መጥምቅ ጋር መተሳሰሩ፣
-የንስሐ ጥምቀት እርሱም መስበኩ
2. ኢዮብ ታሞ ከርሞ መስከረም አንድ በዮርዳኖስ ወንዝ በመፈወሱ፣
3. በቁስል ላይ የተሾመው ሊቀ መልአክ የቅዱስ ሩፋኤል በዓል ጳጉሜን 3 ላይ መዋሉ፣
4. እንዲሁም የሰማይ ደጅ በዕለተ ሩፋኤል መከፈት ናቸው።
በዚህም መሠረት መጥምቁ ዮሐንስ በጳጉሜን ወር ከታሰበ ጥምቀት፣ ንስሐ፣ ከዛም ዳግም ምጽአት፣ ብሎም መንግሥተ ሰማያት መታሰባቸው አመክኗዊ እና የተገባ ነው። በዚህ ላይ የሰማይ መከፈት፣ ቅዱስ ሩፋኤል እና ጻድቁ ኢዮብም መታሰባቸው የመጠመቅን ነገር ያጎሉታል።
#ጳጉሜን #እመቤታችን #እና #ኢትዮጵያ
ከዚህ በተጨማሪ ወርኀ ጳጉሜን ለኢትዮጵያ የተለየች ጸጋ እንደሆነች እመቤታችን ለመልክአ ማርያሙ ደራሲ ለአፄ ናዖድ (1487-1500ዓ.ም/1494–1508 እኤአ) “ወዳጄ ናዖድ ሆይ! በዚህች ወርኀ ጳጉሜን የሚጾም የሚጸልይ ሰው ጸሎቱ ይሰማል፣ ጸጋ ክብር ያገኛል፤ የሥላሴ ጸጋ በእርሱ ላይ ያድርበታል፤ አዲሱ ዘመን ይባረክለታል፤ ሃገሪቱንም ከመከራ እሰውራታለሁ።” በማለት ነግራቸዋለች። እርሳቸውም ይህችን የጳጉሜን ጾም መጾም ጀምረዋል።
ይቆየን!
ከተራፊ ከራሚዎቹ ይደምረን!
✝️Pagumen✝️
✝️The Ethiopic Calendar, being the chief reckoning of time in the land of Ethiopia, proceedeth from the holy bosom of the Ethiopian Church. It containeth thirteen months, each bearing a mystery within itself. The twelve months, from Meskerem unto Nehasse, are likened unto the twelve Apostles of our Lord. Yet the thirteenth month, which dawneth this day—Pagumen, which is interpreted “addition” from the Greek ἐπαγόμενοι/ἐπαγόμεναι—doth signify our Lord Jesus Christ.
✝️This month, short though it be, containeth days of deep mystery. In the Years of Saints John, Matthew, and Mark, it holdeth five days; in the Year of Saint Luke, which is a leap year, it holdeth six; and every six hundredth year, it stretcheth unto seven days.
✝️Pagumen, the Five Days✝️
✝️These five days do represent the sacred mysteries that our Lord Christ bestowed upon His Church:
🔅The Mystery of the Holy Trinity
🔅The Mystery of His Incarnation
🔅The Mystery of Baptism
🔅The Mystery of the Holy Eucharist
🔅The Mystery of the Resurrection from the Dead
Yea, He was crucified with five nails, and offered Himself a ransom for many.
✝️They call to remembrance the years of Job’s affliction, whom the Lord healed after he was baptized in the River Jordan, upon the day of Meskerem the First.
✝️They signify the days wherein Saint John the Baptist was cast into prison, beginning upon Pagumen the First.
✝️They shadow forth the lives of five holy fathers who were gravely afflicted in the days of old:
🔅The Righteous Job
🔅The Prophet Isaiah
🔅The Prophet Jeremiah
🔅The Priest Zechariah, son of Berekiah
🔅Saint John the Baptist
✝️They are figures of the Era of the Old Testament, which endured five thousand and five hundred years.
🔅The five days represent the first five thousand years.
🔅The night whereupon the year doth change is as the remaining five hundred years.
✝️Pagumen as a Shadow of This World✝️
✝️This fleeting month is a figure of this present world, which passeth away.
✝️As Pagumen endeth, so beginneth a new year; even so, when this world is ended, the Kingdom of God shall come.
✝️ The day of Meskerem the First is an image of the eternal eons that are in the heavenly realm.
✝️Pagumen and the End of Days✝️
✝️This short month also prefigureth the End of Times, or the Last Days.
✝️For as is written in the Homily of the Sabbath, “He shall come in a short month.”
✝️And Pagumen is counted among the four sacred seasons in which the Second Coming of Christ is remembered:
🔅Tahisas 4–6
🔅Mid-Lent at Mount Olives (Debre Zeit)
🔅Sene 25
🔅Pagumen
✝️ The Gospel Readings and Antiphons of Pagumen ✝️
✝️Pagumen 1 – Matthew 14:1–7
“At that time Herod the tetrarch heard of the fame of Jesus...”
And therein is told of John the Baptist, who preached the Kingdom of Heaven.
✝️Pagumen 2 – Luke 10:1–12
“After these things the Lord appointed other seventy also...”
Saying: “Heal the sick... and say unto them, The Kingdom of God is come nigh unto you.”
✝️Pagumen 3 – Matthew 25:31 to the end
“When the Son of Man shall come in His glory...”
With the Antiphon: Psalm 50:2 – “Out of Zion, the perfection of beauty, God hath shined.”
These declare the coming of the Son of Man in judgment.
✝️Pagumen 4 – Matthew 18:23 to the end
“Therefore is the Kingdom of Heaven likened unto a certain king...”
And so doth the parable reveal His Kingdom.
✝️Pagumen 5 – Matthew 5:1–17
“And seeing the multitudes...”
“Blessed are the poor in spirit: for theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven.”
Or else: Mark 16:15–19, which beginneth:
“Go ye into all the world...”
And later saith: “He that believeth and is baptized shall be saved; but he that believeth not shall be damned.”
This foretelleth of the Day of Judgment.
✝️Pagumen 6 – Luke 13:1–10
“There were present at that season some...”
“Except ye repent, ye shall all likewise perish...”
“Cut it down... let it alone this year also... and if it bear fruit, well; but if not, then after that thou shalt cut it down.”
These sayings are figures both of the Last Days and the judgment at death.
✝️Reading these words together shall grant thee fuller understanding. These be the very sayings of John the Baptist, as writ in Matthew 3:10, and Luke 3:9:
"And now also the axe is laid unto the root of the trees; therefore every tree that bringeth not forth good fruit shall be hewn down and cast into the fire. Verily, I baptize you with water unto repentance... but He shall thoroughly purge His floor."
And again, in Matthew 13:30:
"Let both grow together until the harvest; and in the time of harvest I will say unto the reapers, Gather ye first the tares and bind them in bundles to burn them; but gather the wheat into my barn."
✝️ Pagumen – A Season of Repentance ✝️
✝️ The month of Pagumen is a time ordained for repentance.
🔅For Saint John the Baptist cried out, saying:
“Repent ye: for the Kingdom of Heaven is at hand.” (Matthew 3:2)
✝️ Therefore, it is meet and right that we receive the New Year, which is the figure of the Kingdom of Heaven, with fasting, prayer, and contrition of heart.
✝️ For this cause, the month is observed as the Fast of Judith.
✝️Baptism of Healing and Cleansing✝️
✝️ Among the godly customs of this month is being baptized with holy water, for these reasons:
🔅It is tied to Saint John the Baptist, who preached the baptism of repentance.
🔅Job, after long affliction, was healed when he was immersed in the River Jordan.
🔅The Feast of Saint Raphael, the Angel of Healing, falleth upon Pagumen 3.
🔅And upon the day of Raphael’s feast, the heavens do open.
✝️Therefore, in this hallowed season, if it be meet to call to mind Saint John the Baptist, then is it likewise right and seemly to observe the rite of baptism; to deliberate repentance, the Second Coming of our Lord Christ, and that heavenly inheritance promised unto the faithful.
✝️ Yea, the very opening of the heavens, the intercession of Saint Raphael, and the steadfast faith of the righteous Job do hearten the souls of men to seek the waters of baptism, for the healing and the cleansing.
✝️Pagumen, Our Lady, and the Land of Ethiopia✝️
✝️Furthermore, Our Lady the Virgin Mary appeared unto Emperor Naod (who reigned from 1494 unto 1508), the composer of the Doxology of Mary, and spake unto him these words:
🔅“O my beloved Naod, whosoever fasteth and prayeth during this month—his prayers shall be heard. He shall receive grace and honour; the grace of the Holy Trinity shall rest upon him; the New Year shall be blessed unto him, and I shall keep the land from tribulation.”
✝️And so the Emperor began to fast in this month, setting forth an holy example.
Till next time, beloved—may He count us among those who shall be left (the remnant) and not cast away.
ምንጮች Sources:
- መጋቤ ምሥጢር ፍሬው ዋለ Megabe Mestir Frew Wale
- ዲ/ን ዮርዳኖስ አበበ Dn. Yordanos Abebe
- ግጻዌ የጳጉሜን Lectionary of Pagumen
- ስንክሳር Synaxarion
- ድርሳነ ሰንበት Homily of the Sabbath of Christians
