
08/27/2025
Made over 2400 years old, this colossal bull head is attributed to the Achaemenid Empire of ancient Persia and is from Persepolis, Iran. Carved from limestone, it features the smooth face, sharp-edged eyelids, and tightly curled hair characteristic of the Achaemenid court style. The head, one of a pair that once flanked the entrance of the Hundred-Column Hall, was discovered in 1932–33 by archaeologists of the Oriental Institute under Ernst Herzfeld. Missing elements such as the ears and horns, perhaps originally gilded, had been carved separately. The head weighs approximately 10 tons.
This artifact is now housed at the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago in Chicago, Illinois, United States. It was transported from Persepolis in fragments and restored by Donato Bastiani under the supervision of John A. Wilson. The companion bull head remains at Persepolis, restored atop its body at the hall’s entrance.
Special thanks: The University of Chicago Oriental Institute
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