06/30/2026
On May 8, 1942, USS Lexington was lost in the Coral Sea during history's first carrier-versus-carrier battle, a fight where ships never saw each other yet aircraft decided the fate of Australia.
In early May 1942, Japan seemed unstoppable in the Pacific, having taken Singapore, the Philippines, and the Dutch East Indies.
Their next target was Port Moresby in New Guinea, a base that would put bombers within range of Australia.
To stop them, Admiral Nimitz sent the only carriers he had left, USS Lexington and USS Yorktown, into the Coral Sea.
The Japanese sent three carriers of their own, Shokaku, Zuikaku, and the light carrier Shoho, confident their pilots were unbeatable.
On May 4, the battle began not with guns, but with scouting planes searching 200 miles of empty ocean.
For four days, the fleets maneuvered, each trying to find the other first.
On May 7, American dive bombers from Lexington found Shoho and sank her in minutes, the first Japanese carrier lost in the war.
The next morning, May 8, both sides found each other at the same time.
Japanese torpedo bombers and dive bombers broke through Lexington's combat air patrol, hitting the big carrier with two torpedoes and three bombs.
Yorktown was hit once but survived, Lexington seemed to survive too, her damage control parties containing the fires.
Then, at 1247, gasoline vapors deep inside the ship ignited, tearing the carrier apart from within.
By 1700, Captain Frederick Sherman gave the order to abandon ship, and destroyers pulled 2,770 men from the water.
At 1956, USS Phelps fired torpedoes into Lexington's hull to prevent capture, and Lady Lex slipped beneath the Coral Sea with 216 of her crew.
The US had lost a carrier, but Japan had lost more, Shoho sunk, Shokaku badly damaged, Zuikaku's air group decimated.
Both Japanese fleet carriers missed the Battle of Midway a month later, an absence that would help decide that battle.
More importantly, the invasion of Port Moresby was turned back, Australia was saved from direct threat.
Coral Sea was the first naval battle in history fought entirely by aircraft, ships never fired their guns at each other.
It proved that the aircraft carrier, not the battleship, would rule the Pacific war.
Seventy-six years later, Paul Allen's research ship found Lexington's wreck, her aircraft still parked on the seafloor, a testament to the men who fought the first carrier duel.
Year & Place
May 4-8, 1942, Coral Sea, northeast of Australia