01/04/2026
In July of 1963, 15 Black girls were arrested for protesting segregation laws at the Martin Theatre. Aged 12 to 15, they were locked in an old, abandoned stockade for 45 days without their parents’ knowledge. They came to be known as the Leesburg Stockade Girls.
They were children.
And the state treated them like criminals.
The girls had gathered at Friendship Baptist Church in Americus, Georgia, a familiar starting point for civil rights action. From there, they marched together to the Martin Theater, a whites-only movie house that symbolized everything segregation stood for. Their goal was simple and deliberate: walk to the front entrance and try to buy tickets, just like any other child on a summer day.
They never made it past the doors.
Police officers attacked the girls with batons, striking children barely into their teens. They were arrested on the spot. No explanations. No charges. No phone calls home. Instead of being taken to a local jail, they were driven 15 miles away to Leesburg, Georgia.
There, they were locked inside a Civil War–era stockade, an abandoned jail so feared by locals it was sometimes called “Lynchburg.”
What awaited them was cruelty disguised as punishment.
The stockade had no beds.
No mattresses.
A broken toilet that barely functioned.
Only scalding hot water in the showers.
The girls slept on bare concrete floors during one of the hottest summers in Georgia history. The heat was suffocating. The air was thick. They were given undercooked hamburgers to eat and forced to share a single cup for water. Guards controlled every basic necessity.
For days that turned into weeks, their parents had no idea where they were.
Families searched desperately. Mothers went to police stations, churches, and city offices, begging for information. Rumors spread. Fear settled deep into the community. Some parents feared the worst, knowing the history of racial violence in rural Georgia.
Inside the stockade, the girls were terrified but unbroken.
Guards tried to scare them into submission. At one point, a rattlesnake was thrown into the cell, sending the girls screaming and scrambling in fear. Instead of giving in, they prayed. They held hands. They sang freedom songs they had learned in church and at movement meetings, using music to steady themselves through hunger, fear, and exhaustion.
They were held for up to 45 days, without charges, hearings, or legal representation.
On August 28, 1963, while much of the nation watched Martin Luther King Jr. deliver his “I Have a Dream” speech in Washington, these girls sat behind bars, unaware that history was being made just beyond their reach.
Their suffering might have remained hidden if not for Danny Lyon, a photographer working with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. After weeks of searching, Lyon discovered where the girls were being held. His photographs revealed the brutal conditions inside the stockade.
When those images were published in The Student Voice and Jet Magazine, the country was forced to look.
Public outrage followed. Pressure mounted on local authorities. And in September 1963, the girls were finally released. No charges. No trials. No apologies.
Freedom did not erase the trauma.
Many of the girls returned home to silence. Some families avoided discussing what happened. Classmates whispered. The emotional scars lingered for decades. Survivors like Shirley Green-Reese later spoke openly about the fear, the resilience, and the long journey toward healing.
Recognition came slowly, but it came.
In 2007, survivors Carol Barner-Seay and Sandra Russell-Mansfield were inducted into the National Voting Rights Museum’s Hall of Fame. In 2019, a historical marker was placed at the stockade site to honor their courage.
The Leesburg Stockade Girls helped build the momentum that led to the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Their story reminds us of a truth history often softens.
Children were on the front lines.
Girls were on the front lines.
Courage did not wait for adulthood.
They were not criminals.
They were not reckless.
They were freedom fighters.
And they deserve to be remembered exactly that way.