
07/27/2025
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Around 300,000 years ago, multiple human species coexisted, but only "Homo sapiens" survived to the present day. These species included "Homo neanderthalensis" (Neanderthals), "Homo erectus", "Homo heidelbergensis", "Homo denisova" (Denisovans), "Homo floresiensis", and early "Homo sapiens".
Each adapted to distinct environments, from Europe’s cold climates to Asia’s diverse landscapes. "Homo sapiens" emerged in Africa, distinguished by advanced cognitive abilities, language, and social cooperation.
The reasons for "Homo sapiens" survival are multifaceted. Their superior problem-solving skills enabled tool innovation, such as projectile weapons, and cultural practices like art and burial rituals, fostering group cohesion.
Flexible diets and adaptability to varied environments allowed them to outcompete others. Genetic evidence suggests interbreeding with Neanderthals and Denisovans, which may have enhanced "Homo sapiens" immunity and resilience.
Meanwhile, species like Neanderthals faced challenges from climate change, limited genetic diversity, and competition for resources. "Homo erectus" and "Homo floresiensis" likely succumbed to environmental shifts or isolation.
By 40,000 years ago, most other species had vanished, leaving "Homo sapiens" dominant. Their ability to innovate, communicate, and adapt ensured their survival, shaping the modern human world.