12/04/2025
The Science of Cat Expressions 😼🙀😾
Manul vs. Domestic Cat
Pallas’s cats (Otocolobus manul) are often called one of the most expressive looking wildcats but much of this impression comes from their flat faces, dense fur and wide set eyes which exaggerate even small muscle movements.
Scientifically, felid communication is understood through the Cat Facial Action Coding System (CatFACS).
Across all cat species studied so far, cats can produce about 276 distinct facial expressions using 26 facial action units, ear rotations, whisker positions, jaw movements and lip tension.
These expressions are used mainly for affiliative communication (around 52%) and agonistic or defensive communication (around 18%).
There is no species specific FACS study for Pallas’s cats but their facial musculature is similar to other small felids, meaning they likely have a comparable potential range of expressions.
Research on domestic cats shows they can recognize expressions paired with vocal cues, such as spending longer time looking at a hissing face, suggesting that even solitary species evolved to read subtle visual signals for mating, territory and avoiding conflict.
Wild and captive observations show Pallas’s cats displaying at least a dozen clear, repeatable expressions, including:
👉the classic neutral “scowl” that doubles as camouflage,
👉ears forward alertness when scanning for threats or prey,
👉whisker fanned curiosity during investigation,
👉lip curl or open mouth threats during aggression.
These subtle shifts help them survive in open steppe habitats, signaling intentions to mates or rivals while avoiding unnecessary confrontations.
🐱🐾How Do Pallas’s Cats Compare to Domestic Cats?
👉Domestic cats currently hold the record with a scientifically confirmed 276 facial expressions.
👉Pallas’s cats have not yet been fully evaluated, so their exact number is unknown.
👉They appear more expressive because their face shape exaggerates small movements, not because they have more expressions.
👉Based on current evidence, domestic cats have the most documented expressions, while Pallas’s cats remain visually dramatic due to morphology rather than a larger expressive repertoire.