10/04/2025
Here is the complete of from 1909 to the , in a .
1. (1517 – 1917)
· In 1909, Gaza was part of the Ottoman .
· It was a , though there were local tensions over land and taxes.
· Gaza was primarily an agricultural and commercial center, with a population consisting mainly of Palestinian Muslims, along with Christian and Jewish minorities.
2. The (1917 – 1948)
· 1917: During World War I, British captured Gaza from the Ottomans.
· 1920: The British Mandate for Palestine was established by the San Remo conference.
· 1920-1940: Tensions increased between and Zionism in Gaza.
· 1936-1939: The Arab Revolt took place, with Gaza as a significant center of the uprising.
· 1947: The United Nations proposed the Partition Plan for Palestine, which designated Gaza to be part of a proposed Arab state.
3. The 1948 - and Administration (1948 – 1967)
· 1948: Following the establishment of the State of Israel, the Arab-Israeli war broke out. The Gaza area came under the control of the Egyptian army.
· 1949: Armistice agreements were signed, and the Gaza Strip came under Egyptian military administration, though it was not formally annexed by Egypt.
· 1950-1960: The number of Palestinian refugees in Gaza increased dramatically, and refugee camps were established.
· 1956: During the Suez Crisis, Israel occupied Gaza but withdrew shortly after under international pressure.
4. Israeli Occupation (1967 – 1994)
· 1967: captured the Gaza Strip during the Six-Day War.
· 1967-1987: was , the of Israeli settlements began, and the Palestinian economy became dependent on Israel.
· 1970-1980: The rise of nationalist and groups occurred.
5. The First Intifada (1987 – 1993)
· 1987: The First Intifada (a Palestinian popular uprising) began in Gaza.
· 1987: Hamas was founded, an Islamist organization that adopted armed struggle against Israel.
· 1993: The Oslo Accords were signed, outlining a plan for Palestinian self-rule.
6. Palestinian Self-Rule (1994 – 2000)
· 1994: Under the Oslo Accords, Gaza and Jericho were the first areas to gain Palestinian self-rule. The Palestinian Authority (PA) was established, and Yasser Arafat returned to Gaza.
· 1990s: Israeli settlements and military positions remained, and tensions between Hamas and Fatah increased.
7. The Second Intifada (2000 – 2005)
· 2000: The Second Intifada began, with a significant surge in violence in Gaza.
· 2005: Under the plan of Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, Israel unilaterally dismantled all its settlements and withdrew its military presence from the Gaza Strip.
8. The Rise of Hamas and the Israeli Blockade (2006 – Present)
· 2006: Hamas won the Palestinian legislative elections.
· 2007: After a violent conflict with Fatah, Hamas took full control of Gaza. Israel and Egypt imposed a strict blockade on the territory.
· 2008-2009: The first major Israel-Hamas war (Operation Cast Lead).
· 2012, 2014, 2021: Several more major wars occurred.
· 2018-2019: The "Great March of Return" protests, in which hundreds of Palestinians were killed in clashes with Israeli forces.
· 2023: On October 7th, Hamas launched a large-scale attack on Israel. In response, Israel initiated a full-scale military operation in Gaza, which is ongoing and has caused widespread destruction and a severe humanitarian crisis.
Brief Summary:
From 1909 to the present, Gaza has transitioned from Ottoman rule, to the British Mandate, Egyptian administration, Israeli occupation, Palestinian self-rule, and finally to Hamas control. It has become an epicenter of the Palestinian national movement, Islamism, and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. A large portion of Gaza's population consists of refugees, and it has endured years of blockade and warfare, making it one of the most crisis-prone areas in the world.
