The Journal of Cell Biology (JCB) features peer-reviewed research on all aspects of cellular structure and function. Areas include, but are not limited to:
• Cell adhesion and motility
• Cell cycle and division
• Cell growth, survival, and death
• Cell structure and dynamics
• Cellular communication
• Cellular disease mechanisms
• Cytoskeleton and molecular motors
• Gene expression and RNA metabolism • Methods and techniques
• Nuclear organization, function, and structure
• Organelle biogenesis and homeostasis
• Protein, membrane, and lipid trafficking
• Signal transduction
• Stem cell biology
• Systems and computational cell biology
All editorial decisions are made by research-active scientists in conjunction with in-house scientific editors. JCB provides free online access to many article types immediately, with complete archival content freely available online. Established in 1955, JCB is published by The Rockefeller University Press. For more information, visit http://jcb.rupress.org. Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/JCellBiol
On the cover of JCB—Image shows an “APPL tree.” Dual-color TIRF immunofluorescence images of APPL1 (green) and APPL2 (red) endosomes in H1975 cells after 20 ng/ml EGF stimulation. Image © Lakoduk et al., 2019. http://jcb.rupress.org/content/218/6/1928
Chen and colleagues find that the DNA damage repair protein XLF acts in concert with H2AX to prevent replication stress during DNA replication. https://bit.ly/2YKYOmY
XRCC4-like factor (XLF) is a non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA double strand break repair protein. However, XLF deficiency leads to phenotypes in mice and humans that are not necessarily consistent with an isolated defect in NHEJ. Here we show that ...
The latest issue of JCB features new research on autophagosome biogenesis, mitochondrial diseases, axon growth inhibition, prostate cancer progression, Huntington disease, and more: https://bit.ly/2WdhYA0
Riggi et al. find that TORC2 impacts endocytosis through its effect on plasma membrane tension. https://bit.ly/2JYx5ed
Target of rapamycin complex 2 (TORC2) is a conserved protein kinase that regulates multiple plasma membrane (PM)–related processes, including endocytosis. Direct, chemical inhibition of TORC2 arrests endocytosis but with kinetics that is relatively slow...
Mondin et al. describe a phosphatase-independent function of the tumor suppressor protein PTEN in controlling endosomal PtdIns(4,5)P2 levels. https://bit.ly/2X6RdPk
The tumor suppressor PTEN dephosphorylates PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 into PtdIns(4,5)P2. Here, we make the unexpected discovery that in Drosophila melanogaster PTEN reduces PtdIns(4,5)P2 levels on endosomes, independently of its phosphatase activity. This new PTE...
Our latest People & Ideas features Kota Saito, whose lab studies the role of TANGO1 proteins in cargo export from the endoplasmic reticulum. Learn more about his research interests and views on succeeding in science here: https://bit.ly/2EwTgEO
Saito studies the mechanisms that control secretion of collagen from the ER.
Dhatchinamoorthy et al. describe the plastic nature of the outer kinetochore and identify spindle-proximal factors that influence its stoichiometry. https://bit.ly/2EpBRxZ
The kinetochore is a large molecular machine that attaches chromosomes to microtubules and facilitates chromosome segregation. The kinetochore includes submodules that associate with the centromeric DNA and submodules that attach to microtubules. Additi...
This Spotlight discusses work by Kalinski et al., (https://bit.ly/2YptQRa) who recently demonstrated that HDAC6 inhibition prevents Miro1 deacetylation and allows for increased mitochondrial transport throughout axons and outgrowth into the surrounding extracellular matrix. https://bit.ly/2YLuI2A
Myelin-associated glycoprotein and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix can prevent regeneration of injured axons. In this issue, Kalinski et al. (2019. J. Cell Biol. ) report that inhibiti...
David et al. discover that Augmin-mediated growth of microtubules creates a directional bias towards kinetochores during metaphase. https://bit.ly/2WhBjnN
Dividing cells reorganize their microtubule cytoskeleton into a bipolar spindle, which moves one set of sister chromatids to each nascent daughter cell. Early spindle assembly models postulated that spindle pole–derived microtubules search the cytoplasm...
How macroH2A, a histone variant involved in silencing gene expression, is inherited from parent to daughter cells is unclear. Sato et al. (https://bit.ly/2QfbaRq) use live cell imaging, genomics and biochemistry to investigate how silencing information can be transmitted during the growth of cells, providing insight into epigenetic cellular memory.
The heritability of chromatin states through cell division is a potential contributor to the epigenetic maintenance of cellular memory of prior states. The macroH2A histone variant has properties of a regulator of epigenetic cell memory, including roles...
Toivanen and Furic preview work from the Trotman laboratory (https://bit.ly/2LJbmcX) showing that the phosphatase PHLPP2 controls Myc stability, suggesting a new way to target Myc in prostate cancer. https://bit.ly/2w1B0yK
PTEN loss stimulates prostate tumor progression by sustaining AKT activation. Nowak et al. (2019. J. Cell Biol . ) surprisingly show that the AKT-suppressing phosphatase PHLPP2 promotes disease progression in the c...
In this week's Special Focus, we revisit our interview with Heidi McBride and explore JCB articles on mitochondrial biology. https://bit.ly/2yXNw5I
Miteva et al. show that Rab46 integrates histamine signaling and Ca2+ signals to regulate selective cargo release from Weibel-Palade bodies in endothelial cells. https://bit.ly/2Q4Dh5v
Endothelial cells selectively release cargo stored in Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs) to regulate vascular function, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we show that histamine evokes the release of the proinflammatory ligand, P-selecti...
Zhao et al. identify more than 40 new potential components of the central apparatus of Chlamydomonas cilia. Many are conserved and will facilitate genetic screening of patients with a form of primary ciliary dyskinesia that is difficult to diagnose. https://bit.ly/2Q21ae7
Nearly all motile cilia have a “9+2” axoneme containing a central apparatus (CA), consisting of two central microtubules with projections, that is essential for motility. To date, only 22 proteins are known to be CA components. To identify new candidate...
Nakajima et al. reveal a novel mechanism of planar spindle alignment through the junctional tumor suppressors Scrib/Dlg and 14-3-3 proteins that maintains tissue architecture in the Drosophila wing disc epithelium. https://bit.ly/2W3UHEO
Proper orientation of the mitotic spindle is essential for cell fate determination, tissue morphogenesis, and homeostasis. During epithelial proliferation, planar spindle alignment ensures the maintenance of polarized tissue architecture, and aberrant s...
Zhang and Balachandran preview new findings from Sai et al. (https://bit.ly/2GhmoBt) revealing that necroptosis signaling mediators can directly inhibit Listeria replication in the gut epithelium https://bit.ly/2w0jNWn
RIPK3 induces necroptosis by phosphorylating MLKL, which then induces plasma membrane rupture and necrotic cell death. In this issue, Sai et al. (2019. J. Cell Biol. ) show that RIPK3-MLKL signaling in epithelial c...
Children with mitochondrial diseases often present with slow growth and short stature, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Holzer et al. provide in vivo evidence that mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction induces cartilage degeneration coincident with altered metabolism, impaired extracellular matrix formation, and cell death at the cartilage–bone junction. https://bit.ly/2W018IW
In childhood, skeletal growth is driven by transient expansion of cartilage in the growth plate. The common belief is that energy production in this hypoxic tissue mainly relies on anaerobic glycolysis and not on mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC) act...
Nowak et al. show that loss of the AKT-inactivating phosphatase PHLPP2 paradoxically blocks prostate tumor growth and metastasis. PHLPP2, they find, is critical for MYC stability, suggesting that PHLPP2 inhibitors may present a therapeutic opportunity to target MYC. https://bit.ly/2LJbmcX
Metastatic prostate cancer commonly presents with targeted, bi-allelic mutations of the PTEN and TP53 tumor suppressor genes. In contrast, however, most candidate tumor suppressors are part of large recurrent hemizygous deletions, such as the common chr...
Feng et al. describe persistent neuronal microtubule minus end growth that depends on the CAMSAP protein Patronin and is needed for dendritic minus-end-out polarity. https://bit.ly/2w1Gn0N
Microtubule minus ends are thought to be stable in cells. Surprisingly, in Drosophila and zebrafish neurons, we observed persistent minus end growth, with runs lasting over 10 min. In Drosophila , extended minus end growth depended on Patronin, and Patr...
Nicholas Ktistakis discusses work from Melia and colleagues (https://bit.ly/2vHjDDq) that implicates ER localized ATG2 in the supply of lipids to forming autophagosomes. https://bit.ly/2vUDwXB
Expansion of the autophagosomal membrane requires a mechanism to supply lipids while excluding most membrane proteins. In this issue, Valverde et al. (2019. J. Cell Biol. ) identify ATG2, a member of the autophagy-...
A new JCB study (https://bit.ly/2LJbmcX) reveals that inhibiting PHLPP2 lowered the levels of MYC, an oncogenic protein that causes many different types of cancer that cannot be targeted by conventional drug therapies. Read the press release here: https://bit.ly/2w15VeD
We've harmonized our manuscript submission systems with the Journal of Cell Science (JCS) and Molecular Biology of the Cell (MBoC) to reduce the burden on authors and reviewers. Read all about the new option here: https://bit.ly/2W5SwAH
Sharma and Subramaniam demonstrate that Rhes, a brain striatum-enriched protein, increases biogenesis of tunneling nanotube-like cellular protrusions through which Rhes travels from cell to cell and transports Huntington disease protein. This may explain why Huntington's disease selectively affects striatal neurons. https://bit.ly/2WFnqwQ
Tunneling nanotubes (TNT) are thin, membranous, tunnel-like cell-to-cell connections, but the mechanisms underlying their biogenesis or functional role remains obscure. Here, we report, Rhes, a brain-enriched GTPase/SUMO E3-like protein, induces the bio...
There are ~60 Rab GTPases in mammals that act as master regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking. Homma et al. establish a comprehensive collection of knockout epithelial cell lines for all mammalian Rabs, revealing that Rab6 is required for basement membrane formation and soluble cargo secretion. https://bit.ly/2Yt2vxE
The Rab family of small GTPases comprises the largest number of proteins (∼60 in mammals) among the regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking, but the precise function of many Rabs and the functional redundancy and diversity of Rabs remain largel...
New work from Kalinski et al. shows that central nervous system growth inhibitors attenuate axon growth by deacetylation of Miro1 through HDAC6, thereby blocking mitochondrial transport. https://bit.ly/2YptQRa
Inhibition of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) was shown to support axon growth on the nonpermissive substrates myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs). Though HDAC6 deacetylates α-tubulin, we find that another HD...
For this week's Special Focus, we revisit recent exciting JCB articles examining the cell biology of host-pathogen interactions and infection. https://bit.ly/2lWk62A
Our latest issue features new research on autophagosomal membranes, invadosomes, neuromuscular synapses, cargo transport within the Golgi, and more: https://bit.ly/2DXz92l
On the cover of JCB—Electron micrograph image showing organization of sarcomeres in skeletal myofibers, including the triads formed by the juxtaposition of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and transverse tubules with adjacent mitochondria shown in blue. The I-bands, containing actin, and the A-bands, containing actin and myosin, are colored in red. Image © Oury et al. 2019 https://bit.ly/2VSS3Sf
On the cover of JCB—Electron micrograph image showing organization of sarcomeres in skeletal myofibers, including the triads formed by the juxtaposition of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and transverse tubules with adjacent mitochondria shown in blue. The I-bands, containing actin, and the A-bands, containing actin and myosin, are colored in red. Image © Oury et al. 2019 https://bit.ly/2VSS3Sf
Explore our collection of exciting new immunology, microbiology, and virology research.
We are delighted to present this selection of cutting-edge research about immune cell biology, microbiology, and virology recently published in JCB.
In this special collection (https://bit.ly/2VQOtrG), JCB Editorial Board member Johanna Ivaska and Senior Scientific Editor Melina Casadio selected recent JCB content delving into the mechanisms of migration, cell–cell, and cell–matrix adhesions.
The adhesion machinery and interactions with the cellular microenvironment play essential roles in regulating cell function—including proliferation, migration, differentiation—in development and disease.
Lakoduk et al. reveal that mutant p53 upregulates dynamin-1 and recruitment of APPL1 to a subpopulation of endosomes, thereby increasing receptor recycling and cell migration. https://bit.ly/2Y2fAxG
Multiple mechanisms contribute to cancer cell progression and metastatic activity, including changes in endocytic trafficking and signaling of cell surface receptors downstream of gain-of-function (GOF) mutant p53. We report that dynamin-1 (Dyn1) is up-...
Gabriel Muhire Gihana describes his fascinating path to pursuing science in the US and his efforts to promote and support African students applying to graduate programs through Afrisnet. Read more in our most recent People & Ideas at https://bit.ly/2GIwcEw
Gihana investigates how cells coordinate their shape and polarity with chromosome segregation.
Aksu et al. delineate the structures of central transport intermediates of the biportin Pdr6, including those involving Ubc9, RanGTP, and eIF5A. https://bit.ly/2IWBeiw (Find the accompanying paper from this group at https://bit.ly/2GJMH3t).
Importins ferry proteins into nuclei while exportins carry cargoes to the cytoplasm. In the accompanying paper in this issue (Vera Rodriguez et al. 2019. J. Cell Biol. ), we discovered that Pdr6 is a biportin that ...
Congratulations to JCB Editorial Board Member Rebecca Heald on her election to the National Academy of Sciences https://bit.ly/2Lg6agv
Rodriguez, Frey, & Gorlich develop a SUMO/protease system for use in eukaryotic systems. With this new tool, they find both nuclear import and export cargos for Pdr6. https://bit.ly/2GJMH3t (Find their companion paper at https://bit.ly/2IWBeiw )
Cleavage of affinity tags by specific proteases can be exploited for highly selective affinity chromatography. The SUMO/SENP1 system is the most efficient for such application but fails in eukaryotic expression because it cross-reacts with endogenous pr...
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The Journal of Cell Biology (JCB) features peer-reviewed research on all aspects of cellular structure and function. Areas include, but are not limited to: • Cell adhesion and motility • Cell cycle and division • Cell growth, survival, and death • Cell structure and dynamics • Cellular communication • Cellular disease mechanisms • Cytoskeleton and molecular motors • Gene expression and RNA metabolism • Methods and techniques • Nuclear organization, function, and structure • Organelle biogenesis and homeostasis • Protein, membrane, and lipid trafficking • Signal transduction • Stem cell biology • Systems and computational cell biology All editorial decisions are made by research-active scientists in conjunction with in-house scientific editors. JCB provides free online access to many article types from the date of publication and to all archival content. Established in 1955, JCB is published by The Rockefeller University Press. For more information, visit http://jcb.rupress.org. Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/JCellBiol
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Shima and colleagues (https://bit.ly/2CFeL7k) describe how the preferential binding of kinesin-1 to specific microtubules guides polarized cellular transport, whereby kinesin-1 binding results in a conformation change in GDP microtubules.
Lee et al. (http://bit.ly/2Ky6ZMN) examine the dynamics of membrane proteins within the ciliary membrane using high-spatiotemporal-resolution approaches: quantum dots and 2P Super FRAP. They show that ciliary membrane proteins diffuse rapidly within highly fluid local membrane domains delimited by actin filaments. This video shows two cilium–enriched GPCRs: a chimera of the rhodopsin apoprotein, opsin (Rho), is green; and individual molecules of the SSTR3 receptor are labeled with Qdot625 (red).
In contrast to vertebrates, adult Drosophila melanogaster have an open cardiovascular system. However, Thuma et al. find that in late pupation, hemolymph flows through Drosophila wing veins, providing a unique genetic and live-imaging opportunity to investigate the mechanisms driving immune cells to exit vessels to attend wounds and reveal new roles for Tre1 and Rho signaling in this process http://bit.ly/2Kq8Rae
This video shows migrating cells imaged by phase contrast. Monolayers expressing full-length α-Catenin (left) displayed prominent protrusions with long filopodia, compared with cells expressing an α-Catenin with reduced PIP3-membrane binding ability (FLαCatKKR<3A; right). Moreover, the FLαCatKKR<3A cells were more rounded with refractile cell–cell contacts. Video © Wood et al. 2017 in JCB http://jcb.rupress.org/content/early/2017/09/01/jcb.201612006
Time-lapse monitoring of early-to-late endosome conversion in control HeLa cells. HeLa cells are expressing the early and late endosome markers 2×FYVE-mCh and GFP-RAB7. Video © Liu et al. 2017 in JCB http://jcb.rupress.org/content/early/2017/08/30/jcb.201705151
Entosis is a nonapoptotic form of cell death initiated by actomyosin-dependent homotypic cell-in-cell invasion that can be observed in malignant exudates during tumor progression. This video shows advanced stages of cell-in-cell invasion, and Ezrin-GFP (a metastasis-associated ERM protein) accumulated at the rear of the invading cell, which also showed extensive plasma membrane blebbing. This was followed by its redistribution toward the entire plasma membrane upon completion of invasive migration once a cell-in-cell structure was formed. Video from Soto Hinojosa et al. 2017 in JCB: http://jcb.rupress.org/content/early/2017/08/02/jcb.201702010
Time-lapse imaging of inflammasome adaptor ASC speck formation in transgenic (HSE:asc-mKate2) zebrafish larva and in single cells. The imaging in single cells shows recruitment of ASC-mKate2 to a single speck per cell. Video from Kuri et al. 2017 in JCB http://jcb.rupress.org/content/early/2017/07/11/jcb.201703103
The dynamics of focal adhesions shown in STAT3-deficient astrocytes expressing RFP-CrkI. Compared to wild type (not shown) coordination between the forward motion of the cells and focal adhesion dynamics appears to be disrupted in STAT3-deficient cells; in these cells, the focal adhesions persist excessively and are mislocalized. Video © Renault-Mihara et al. 2017 in JCB: http://jcb.rupress.org/content/early/2017/06/21/jcb.201610102
The Rlc1-GFP forms clusters in S. japonicus cell ghosts upon ATP treatment. Video © Gang Chew et al. 2017 in JCB http://jcb.rupress.org/content/early/2017/06/26/jcb.201701104
Time-lapse images were acquired in mice expressing RFP-Lifeact (red) and either GFP-NMIIA or GFP-NMIIB (green) by time-lapse intravital confocal microscopy. Excitation is at 488 and 561 nm. One frame was acquired every second, and the video is displayed at 10 frames per second. Video from Milberg et al. 2017 in JCB http://jcb.rupress.org/content/early/2017/06/08/jcb.201612126
Simulation of PIN2 particle diffusion in a single endosome intralumenal vesicle (ILV) budding profile in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant ILVs form as networks of concatenated vesicle buds by a novel vesiculation mechanism. Video from Buono et al. 2017 in JCB http://jcb.rupress.org/content/early/2017/06/06/jcb.201612040
Time-lapse images of a wild-type yeast cell expressing GFP-labeled microtubules (Tub1-GFP) were captured on a spinning-disk confocal microscope at 5-s intervals for 10 min. Each image represents a composite of 11 planes separated by 600 nm. The video plays at seven frames per second. Video from Estrem et al. 2017 in JCB http://jcb.rupress.org/content/early/2017/05/31/jcb.201611105
Example of spatiotemporal simulation of kinetochore (KT)–microtubule (MT) interaction with wild-type conditions. 3D simulations with wild-type conditions are projected into x/z and x/y planes. KTs locate in the vicinity of a spindle pole before centromere ( CEN) DNA replication (yellow dots). Upon CEN replication, KTs disassemble, and CENs move away from a pole (gray dots; Kitamura et al., 2007). KTs are then reassembled (red dots) on CENs (when noncaptured KTs generate MTs, their diameters are enlarged), interact with the lateral side of MTs extended from a spindle pole (orange dots), and slide along an MT toward a spindle pole (green dots). KTs are then tethered at the MT end and transported polewards by MT end-on pulling (purple dots). Subsequently, they are tethered at the end of short MTs in the vicinity of the pole (blue dots). MT extension after KT-dependent rescue is shown as a dashed line ( Gandhi et al., 2011). A gray line, which connects a KT (dot) to an MT extending from a spindle pole (black line), represents a KT-derived MT that facilitates KT loading onto an MT extending from a spindle pole ( Kitamura et al., 2010). A KT capture radius (if a spindle MT is present within this radius, a KT–MT interaction is formed) is 500 and 200 nm in the presence and absence of KT-derived MTs, respectively. KTs with a 200- and 500-nm capture radius are symbolically represented by small and large dots, respectively; however, note that the radii of these dots do not correspond to the actual capture radius. Video © Vasileva et al. 2017 in JCB http://jcb.rupress.org/content/early/2017/04/25/jcb.201608122
Time-lapse video of vimentin-EGFP–expressing astrocytes migrating in a wound-healing assay. One frame per minute; total, 10 h. Video was acquired with a 20× air objective on a Biostation. Video from Leduc et al. 2017 in JCB: http://jcb.rupress.org/content/early/2017/04/20/jcb.201607045
3D view of representative fields of COPII vesicles isolated from cell-free vesicle budding reaction visualized by SIM. Large COPII-coated vesicles (magenta) that carried Procollagen-1-GFP (green) were observed, as well as regular COPII that did not colocalize with PC1-GFP. Grid, 2 × 2 µm. Video from Gorur et al. 2017 in JCB: http://jcb.rupress.org/content/early/2017/04/19/jcb.201702135
Video shows the fluorescent spectrum shift of the MitoTimer protein from the unoxidized (green; 500 nm) form to oxidized form (red; 596 nm) upon addition of H2O2 (5 µM) to the imaging media. Bar, 10 µm. The video is displayed at 15 fps. Video © Chowdhury et al. 2017 in JCB: http://jcb.rupress.org/content/early/2017/03/21/jcb.201608063/
Motoneurons transduced with lentiviral particles expressing GFP were imaged for 40 min every 20 s. Axonal filopodia form de novo along the axon shaft and show growth and retraction movements. Video © Moradi et al. 2017 in JCB: http://jcb.rupress.org/content/early/2017/02/27/jcb.201604117
Live imaging of cell during ciliary growth (−FCS) shows that RPE1-WT cilia remained fairly stable, whereas KDM3A-null cilia underwent excessive elongation and fragmentation Movie shows parental RPE1WT and KDM3Anull cells transiently expressing 5HT6-EGFP as ciliary marker. Capture spans 4 h (approximately one frame every 10 min) from the moment of serum withdrawal (promoting ciliary growth) from confluent cultures. Video © Yeyati et al. 2017 in JCB: http://jcb.rupress.org/content/early/2017/02/27/jcb.201607032?papetoc
Confocal time-lapse movie of common cardinal vein leading edge migration in sema3d zebrafish morphant embryos. Common cardinal vein endothelial cell sheet is disrupted and exhibits lesions. Leading edge cells rarely exhibit actin cables or lamellipodia. Video © Hamm et al. 2016 in JCB: http://jcb.rupress.org/content/215/3/415
Replication of GFP-Mycobacterium tuberculosis continues after cell death in granulocyte–macrophage cells. This video was shot at ten frames per second. From Lerner et al. 2017 in JCB: http://jcb.rupress.org/content/early/2017/02/24/jcb.201603040
A video of a 6-day-old Arabidopsis root after a 2 hour heat shock treatment. The death of root hairs is evident as assayed by Sytox green nucleic acid stain. Image © 2017 Distéfano et al. 2017 in JCB: http://jcb.rupress.org/content/216/2/463?iss=2
mTORC2 integrates extracellular cues with pathways controlling growth and proliferation, but the spatial control of mTORC2 activity is unclear. Using a new reporter, Ebner et al. (http://bit.ly/2jROZSB ) show that endogenous mTORC2 activity localizes to plasma membrane, mitochondrial, and endosomal pools, which display distinct sensitivity to growth factors. This time-lapse video shows intracellular dynamics of mSin1.2WT-GFP (an obligate mTORC2 component) in a live cell using a laser-scanning confocal microscopy system. Video © Ebner et al. 2017 in JCB.
3D model generated from tomogram virtual slices of a wild-type presynaptic terminal active zone. Modeled features include the cytomatrix (blue), synaptic vesicles (clustered pool in gray, vesicles in contact with the cytomatrix in orange, release-ready vesicles in contact with the cytomatrix in magenta, and release-ready vesicles distal to the cytomatrix in olive), tethers linking synaptic vesicles to the plasma membrane (purple), and connectors between synaptic vesicles (green). Video © Bruckner et al. 2017 in JCB: http://jcb.rupress.org/content/216/1/231
Rafiq et al. (http://bit.ly/2iBZmqy) demonstrate that the small G protein ARF1 and its activator, cytohesin 2 (ARNO), are required for podosome formation in macrophage-like cells and fibroblasts. Inhibition of ARNO-ARF1 signaling results in increased RhoA activity and disassembly of podosomes in a myosin-IIA–dependent fashion. In fibroblasts that normally do not form podosomes, constitutively active ARF1 induces actin-rich puncta associated with sites of matrix degradation, putative precursors of podosomes. This video shows a burst of myosin II filament formation accompanies podosome disruption in cell treated with 30 µM SecinH3 as visualized by SIM. Podosomes are labeled with RFP-Lifeact (red); myosin II filaments are labeled with GFP-RLC (green).
Semaphorins are ligands for their receptors, plexins. Sun et al. (http://bit.ly/2iwMAJO) show that a transmembrane semaphorin, Sema4A, transduces signals in a reverse manner to control migration of cancer and dendritic cells via the cell polarity protein Scrib. This video from Sun et al. shows migration of bone marrow–derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) into ear lymphatic vessels. Mature BMDCs generated from wild-type and Sema4A knockout mice were fluorescently labeled (wild type, green; Sema4A knockout, blue), and used for live-cell imaging in an ex vivo ear crawl migration assay. The video was recorded over 45 min.
Antagonism between the GTPases Rac1 and RhoA controls different morphogenetic processes during embryonic development. Martin et al. use quantitative imaging analyses to demonstrate that cell-autonomous antagonism between the RhoA- and Rac1-like pathways defines cell-to-cell heterogeneity during epidermal morphogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans. This video shows a time lapse recording during early elongation in C. elegans embryo expressing AJM-1::GFP (green) and Kaede (red). Learn more from Martin et al: http://jcb.rupress.org/content/215/4/483#F5
GTSE1, a protein found overexpressed in tumors, regulates microtubule stability and chromosome alignment during mitosis by inhibiting MCAK. In this video GTSE1 localizes to kinetochore microtubules shown in these z sections from a cold-treated fixed cell labeled by CREST antibody and GTSE1. Learn more from Bendre et al. http://jcb.rupress.org/content/early/2016/11/22/jcb.201606081
Using a tongue-inspired in vitro platform, Nesmith et al. (http://bit.ly/2duWVZy) demonstrate that myoblasts from Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients fail to align and polarize with respect to extracellular matrix cues in the same manner as healthy myoblasts, resulting in diminished myotube formation and weaker contractile strength. Check out the video of some in vitro "tongues" made from wild-type cells!
McWilliams et al. (http://bit.ly/2aq93qf) describe their creation of a transgenic mouse expressing a fluorescent reporter of mitophagy, allowing this mitochondrial quality control mechanism to be monitored in vivo. The video shows a Z-stack of an intact mouse kidney. mCherry fluorescence reveals the total mitochondrial pool, with bright, punctate fluorescence indicating mitochondria undergoing mitophagy inside lysosomes.
Squarr et al. (http://ow.ly/YBQzZ) reveal that the atypical cadherin Fat2 recruits the WAVE regulatory complex to induce the formation of whip-like actin protrusions that drive collective follicle cell migration during egg chamber morphogenesis. Tomke Stürner and Gaia Tavosanis explain more in their accompanying commentary (http://ow.ly/YBQJB).
Actin flow disruption in neurons using the drug cytochalasin D indicates that cortactin (white) interacts with the actin retrograde flow at axonal growth cones. Kubo et al (Nara Institute of Science and Technology) show that cortactin is part of an important network that links actin flow and cell adhesion to promote traction forces for axon growth. Watch more videos: http://jcb.rupress.org/content/210/4/663/suppl/DC1
p53 guards the genome by preventing cells with abnormal numbers of centrosomes from dividing, show Lambrus et al (Johns Hopkins Medicine). Read highlights: http://ow.ly/PlnAh You can watch normal cell division in a healthy cell here, and see more cool videos at: http://ow.ly/Plo5t
Cilia hoist dust out of the lungs, propel sperm toward the egg, enable us to catch the scent of fresh coffee… and help some cells get a grip on surfaces, according to Schouteden et al (Universität Wien). See the study (http://ow.ly/OQzUz ) and highlights (http://ow.ly/OQzGs). In this video of a developing worm, the cell bodies of neurons (green) migrate away from their dendrites, which are anchored by the ciliary transition zone.
Three sites on a crawling neuron produce the traction forces that push it along, reveal Jiang et al. Read highlights ---> http://ow.ly/O4AWX This video shows the spatiotemporal dynamics of the stress generated by a migrating neuron over 30 minutes:
Wilmes et al (University of Osnabrück) show that the effects of different type I interferons depend on their ability to promote receptor dimerization. Read highlights: http://ow.ly/Nuwym In this video, the receptor subunits IFNAR1 (red) and IFNAR2 (blue) remain separate in the absence of interferon (left). Ligand addition (right) induces receptor dimerization, indicated by the colocomotion (yellow lines) of IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 molecules.
O’Regan et al (University of Leicester) reveal that the mitotic kinase Nek6 targets the chaperone Hsp72 to the mitotic spindle, where it promotes the formation of stable K-fibers. Read highlights ----> http://ow.ly/MEQh7 In Hsp72-depleted cells, shown in this video, chromosome congression and anaphase onset is delayed.
Rab27a controls HIV-1 replication In T cells lacking Rab27a, endosomes (red in this video) carrying an enzyme (green) necessary for PI(4,5)P2 production don't move toward the plasma membrane, preventing HIV-1 assembly. Read highlights of the study by Pereyra Gerber et al (Universidad de Buenos Aires) ----> http://ow.ly/Mxm0q
Nanba et al (Ehime University) show how keratinocyte stem cell colonies can be identified by analyzing cell motion as a quality control measure for transplantation. This video shows the collective motion dynamics of keratinocytes in a progressively growing colony. Watch more! http://ow.ly/LV0qy
Learn about, watch, and access new open-source software for analyzing cell migration and morphodynamics in the Tools article from Barry et al (The Francis Crick Institute): http://ow.ly/LgX4z This video illustrates the tracking of filopodia on a HeLa cell expressing a fluorescently tagged actin marker.
Journal of Experimental Medicine
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