Breast cancer cells turn killer immune cells into allies
The human immune system is constantly patrolling throughout the body and serves as a key defense against cancer metastasis. Natural killer cells are a key part of that defense system. A new paper shows that cancer cells can "reprogram" natural killer cells to instead promote metastasis and identifies molecular strategies to keep these cells working hard to eliminate cancer cells throughout the body.
Read the original JCB publication by Isaac Chan, Andrew Ewald & colleagues at Johns Hopkins Medicine: https://bit.ly/320Ap1J.
Read the press release: https://bit.ly/2OfFqLr
#breastcancer
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Attending #ASCBEMBO19? Meet Executive Editor Tim Spencer and Scientific Editors Marie Anne O'Donnell and Andrea Marat to discuss your latest research at Booth #734 in the Exhibit Hall on Monday, from 12 pm – 4 pm and Tuesday from 2 pm – 4 pm.
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Chromosomes during anaphase with and without CLASPs
U2OS cells expressing the chromosome histone protein H2B-GFP (green in the merged image; shown alone in white in the right panels) with microtubules (magenta) labeled with SiR-tubulin. Upper panels show the control condition and lower panels show cells with microtubule plus-end–tracking proteins CLASP1 and CLASP2 knocked-down. Note the presence of two lagging chromosomes during anaphase and their subsequent reintegration in the main nuclei after CLASP depletion. Video from Hugo Girão, Helder Maiato, and colleagues in JCB 2019: https://bit.ly/2QHkBez
KIF5C (magenta) moving along GDP & GMPCPP microtubules (green)
Shima and colleagues (https://bit.ly/2CFeL7k) describe how the preferential binding of kinesin-1 to specific microtubules guides polarized cellular transport, whereby kinesin-1 binding results in a conformation change in GDP microtubules.
Single-molecule tracking of GPCR transport in the cilium
Lee et al. (http://bit.ly/2Ky6ZMN) examine the dynamics of membrane proteins within the ciliary membrane using high-spatiotemporal-resolution approaches: quantum dots and 2P Super FRAP. They show that ciliary membrane proteins diffuse rapidly within highly fluid local membrane domains delimited by actin filaments.
This video shows two cilium–enriched GPCRs: a chimera of the rhodopsin apoprotein, opsin (Rho), is green; and individual molecules of the SSTR3 receptor are labeled with Qdot625 (red).
Hemocytes (red) traveling through veins in drosophila pupal wings
In contrast to vertebrates, adult Drosophila melanogaster have an open cardiovascular system. However, Thuma et al. find that in late pupation, hemolymph flows through Drosophila wing veins, providing a unique genetic and live-imaging opportunity to investigate the mechanisms driving immune cells to exit vessels to attend wounds and reveal new roles for Tre1 and Rho signaling in this process http://bit.ly/2Kq8Rae
Migrating cells imaged by phase contrast
This video shows migrating cells imaged by phase contrast. Monolayers expressing full-length α-Catenin (left) displayed prominent protrusions with long filopodia, compared with cells expressing an α-Catenin with reduced PIP3-membrane binding ability (FLαCatKKR<3A; right). Moreover, the FLαCatKKR<3A cells were more rounded with refractile cell–cell contacts. Video © Wood et al. 2017 in JCB http://jcb.rupress.org/content/early/2017/09/01/jcb.201612006
Redistribution of Ezrin during entotic invasion
Entosis is a nonapoptotic form of cell death initiated by actomyosin-dependent homotypic cell-in-cell invasion that can be observed in malignant exudates during tumor progression. This video shows advanced stages of cell-in-cell invasion, and Ezrin-GFP (a metastasis-associated ERM protein) accumulated at the rear of the invading cell, which also showed extensive plasma membrane blebbing. This was followed by its redistribution toward the entire plasma membrane upon completion of invasive migration once a cell-in-cell structure was formed. Video from Soto Hinojosa et al. 2017 in JCB: http://jcb.rupress.org/content/early/2017/08/02/jcb.201702010
Time-lapse imaging of speck formation in zebrafish larva & cells
Time-lapse imaging of inflammasome adaptor ASC speck formation in transgenic (HSE:asc-mKate2) zebrafish larva and in single cells. The imaging in single cells shows recruitment of ASC-mKate2 to a single speck per cell. Video from Kuri et al. 2017 in JCB http://jcb.rupress.org/content/early/2017/07/11/jcb.201703103
Time-lapse imaging of RFP-CrkI-expressing migrating astrocytes
The dynamics of focal adhesions shown in STAT3-deficient astrocytes expressing RFP-CrkI. Compared to wild type (not shown) coordination between the forward motion of the cells and focal adhesion dynamics appears to be disrupted in STAT3-deficient cells; in these cells, the focal adhesions persist excessively and are mislocalized. Video © Renault-Mihara et al. 2017 in JCB: http://jcb.rupress.org/content/early/2017/06/21/jcb.201610102
Recruitment of NMIIA onto secretory granules at the membrane
Time-lapse images were acquired in mice expressing RFP-Lifeact (red) and either GFP-NMIIA or GFP-NMIIB (green) by time-lapse intravital confocal microscopy. Excitation is at 488 and 561 nm. One frame was acquired every second, and the video is displayed at 10 frames per second. Video from Milberg et al. 2017 in JCB http://jcb.rupress.org/content/early/2017/06/08/jcb.201612126
PIN2 particle diffusion in a single ILV budding profile
Simulation of PIN2 particle diffusion in a single endosome intralumenal vesicle (ILV) budding profile in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant ILVs form as networks of concatenated vesicle buds by a novel vesiculation mechanism. Video from Buono et al. 2017 in JCB http://jcb.rupress.org/content/early/2017/06/06/jcb.201612040
GFP-labeled microtubule dynamics in a yeast cell
Time-lapse images of a wild-type yeast cell expressing GFP-labeled microtubules (Tub1-GFP) were captured on a spinning-disk confocal microscope at 5-s intervals for 10 min. Each image represents a composite of 11 planes separated by 600 nm. The video plays at seven frames per second. Video from Estrem et al. 2017 in JCB http://jcb.rupress.org/content/early/2017/05/31/jcb.201611105
Spatiotemporal simulation of kinetochore–microtubule interaction
Example of spatiotemporal simulation of kinetochore (KT)–microtubule (MT) interaction with wild-type conditions. 3D simulations with wild-type conditions are projected into x/z and x/y planes. KTs locate in the vicinity of a spindle pole before centromere ( CEN) DNA replication (yellow dots). Upon CEN replication, KTs disassemble, and CENs move away from a pole (gray dots; Kitamura et al., 2007). KTs are then reassembled (red dots) on CENs (when noncaptured KTs generate MTs, their diameters are enlarged), interact with the lateral side of MTs extended from a spindle pole (orange dots), and slide along an MT toward a spindle pole (green dots). KTs are then tethered at the MT end and transported polewards by MT end-on pulling (purple dots). Subsequently, they are tethered at the end of short MTs in the vicinity of the pole (blue dots). MT extension after KT-dependent rescue is shown as a dashed line ( Gandhi et al., 2011). A gray line, which connects a KT (dot) to an MT extending from a spindle pole (black line), represents a KT-derived MT that facilitates KT loading onto an MT extending from a spindle pole ( Kitamura et al., 2010). A KT capture radius (if a spindle MT is present within this radius, a KT–MT interaction is formed) is 500 and 200 nm in the presence and absence of KT-derived MTs, respectively. KTs with a 200- and 500-nm capture radius are symbolically represented by small and large dots, respectively; however, note that the radii of these dots do not correspond to the actual capture radius. Video © Vasileva et al. 2017 in JCB http://jcb.rupress.org/content/early/2017/04/25/jcb.201608122
Astrocytes migrating in a wound-healing assay
Time-lapse video of vimentin-EGFP–expressing astrocytes migrating in a wound-healing assay. One frame per minute; total, 10 h. Video was acquired with a 20× air objective on a Biostation. Video from Leduc et al. 2017 in JCB: http://jcb.rupress.org/content/early/2017/04/20/jcb.201607045
3D view of COPII vesicles from cell-free vesicle budding reaction
3D view of representative fields of COPII vesicles isolated from cell-free vesicle budding reaction visualized by SIM. Large COPII-coated vesicles (magenta) that carried Procollagen-1-GFP (green) were observed, as well as regular COPII that did not colocalize with PC1-GFP. Grid, 2 × 2 µm. Video from Gorur et al. 2017 in JCB: http://jcb.rupress.org/content/early/2017/04/19/jcb.201702135
Fluorescent spectrum shift of the MitoTimer protein
Video shows the fluorescent spectrum shift of the MitoTimer protein from the unoxidized (green; 500 nm) form to oxidized form (red; 596 nm) upon addition of H2O2 (5 µM) to the imaging media. Bar, 10 µm. The video is displayed at 15 fps. Video © Chowdhury et al. 2017 in JCB: http://jcb.rupress.org/content/early/2017/03/21/jcb.201608063/
Axonal filopodia dynamics in cultured motoneurons
Motoneurons transduced with lentiviral particles expressing GFP were imaged for 40 min every 20 s. Axonal filopodia form de novo along the axon shaft and show growth and retraction movements. Video © Moradi et al. 2017 in JCB: http://jcb.rupress.org/content/early/2017/02/27/jcb.201604117
KDM3A regulates cilia stability
Live imaging of cell during ciliary growth (−FCS) shows that RPE1-WT cilia remained fairly stable, whereas KDM3A-null cilia underwent excessive elongation and fragmentation Movie shows parental RPE1WT and KDM3Anull cells transiently expressing 5HT6-EGFP as ciliary marker. Capture spans 4 h (approximately one frame every 10 min) from the moment of serum withdrawal (promoting ciliary growth) from confluent cultures. Video © Yeyati et al. 2017 in JCB: http://jcb.rupress.org/content/early/2017/02/27/jcb.201607032?papetoc
Sema3d morphants exhibit a disrupted endothelial cell sheet
Confocal time-lapse movie of common cardinal vein leading edge migration in sema3d zebrafish morphant embryos. Common cardinal vein endothelial cell sheet is disrupted and exhibits lesions. Leading edge cells rarely exhibit actin cables or lamellipodia. Video © Hamm et al. 2016 in JCB: http://jcb.rupress.org/content/215/3/415
