09/12/2025
✨ History & Origin of the Tikar People ✨
According to historians, anthropologists, archaeologists, and oral tradition, the Tikar people originated from northeastern Cameroon, around the Adamawa and Lake Chad regions (present-day Adamawa, North, and Far North).
Their migration southwards and westwards intensified in the 18th and 19th centuries due to Fulani slave raids from Northern Nigeria. However, research shows that Tikar migrations had been happening for centuries before these invasions. The Fulani raids only accelerated movements that eventually brought the Tikar to their present-day locations in the Western Grassfields (Bamenda Plateau), Eastern Grassfields (Foumban), and the Tikar Plain of Bankim (Upper Mbam).
When they arrived in the Grassfields, the Tikar met other populations who had already settled there. Their presence, like that of later arrivals, caused further population shifts. Pre-colonial Cameroon, much like the rest of Africa, was marked by frequent population movements—not always because of conflict, but often in search of land, power, or opportunity.
In the Bamenda Grassfields, many groups proudly trace their origins to the Tikar, including:
Nso, Kom, Bum, Bafut, Oku, Mbiame, Wiya, Tang, War, Mbot, Mbem, Fungom, Weh, Mmen, Bamunka, Babungo, Bamessi, Bamessing, Bambalang, Bamali, Bafanji, Baba (Papiakum), Bangola, Big Babanki, Babanki Tungo, Nkwen, Bambili, and Bambui.
Migration often took place in waves, led by princes from the Rifum dynasty who sought to establish their own kingdoms. Oral traditions and historical accounts describe how, about 300 years ago, pressure from the north and internal struggles pushed Tikar groups to split into smaller bands. Led by the sons of Tikar rulers, they moved west and southwest, founding new settlements and kingdoms.
Among the notable results of this migration were the kingdoms of Bum, Bafut, Kom, and Nso, while others established smaller independent villages across the Bamenda Grassfields.
The Tikar story is one of resilience, migration, and the creation of powerful dynasties that continue to shape the cultural identity of Cameroon today.
The Grassfield Cultural Heritage 👏🏻