Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

04/11/2026

Non-tuberculous meningitis (NTM) in children:

This study provides a comprehensive overview of clinical characteristics, management and treatment outcomes of children with infections in the Central Denmark Region between 2011 and 2023.

Cervical lymphadenitis has been reported to be the predominant clinical presentation, observed in over 90% of cases, supporting the existing literature.

Toustrup, Lise Bols; Holm, Emma; Lillebaek, Troels; Holm, Mette; Dahl, Victor N.
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cal characteristics, management and treatment outcomes of children diagnosed with NTM infections in the Central Denmark Region between 2011 and 2023. Children were identified using mycobacteriologic data and ICD-10 diagnostic codes. Detailed clinical information was extracted from hospital records,....

04/11/2026

This fresh published study highlights strong association between MDR Gram-negative bacterial and the subsequent development of bloodstream infections, emphasizing the high vulnerability of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients to infections.

To note, all participants in this study had an initial re**al swab before admission to the transplant unit and before cell infusion, followed by periodic re**al swabs performed at 15-day intervals during the hospitalization period.

Medina Valencia, Diego; Franco Moreno, Alexis Antonio; Bustos Paz, Mario Alejandro; Manzi, Eliana; Muñoz-Caluce, Diana; Sandoval-Calle, Lina M.; Devia Zapata, Angela; Patiño-Niño, Jaime Alberto; Pérez-Camacho, Paola

ality. This study aims to evaluate the utility of periodic re**al screening in predicting MDR-induced bacteremia by day 100 in pediatric HSCT patients. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in patients under 18 who underwent re**al screening before HSCT at a high-complexi...

04/11/2026

Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) as a Cause or Mimicker of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH): Diagnostic Challenges and HLH-04 Criteria Limits

Clinical manifestation of VL typically includes fever, hepatosplenomegaly and pallor. Laboratory findings commonly reveal anemia, leukopenia with neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, elevated liver enzymes (ALT/AST) and increased markers of systemic inflammation, such as CRP and ferritin. This presentation closely resembles , a life-threatening hyperinflammatory syndrome characterized by fever, elevated ferritin and other inflammatory markers, cytopenia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, hepatitis, central nervous system involvement and a high risk of progression to multiorgan failure, shock and death.

Renna Bertoli et al.

d by HLH-04 criteria. Although HLH-04 criteria show limitations in distinguishing these conditions, a differentiation of VL from HLH is crucial for initiating appropriate therapy promptly and improving patient outcomes. This report discusses 2 pediatric cases of VL presenting with HLH-like features....

02/18/2026

Periodic re**al swabbing during the first 100 days post-transplant reduces mortality in children receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. By detecting bacterial colonization early, clinicians can tailor empirical antibiotic therapy before bloodstream infections occur.
This accessible screening strategy proves lifesaving in programs lacking molecular diagnostic methods.

Read more about this groundbreaking study:

**alSwab Screening as a of Bacteremia by Multidrug-resistant Microorganisms in Children With Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.
https://journals.lww.com/pidj/abstract/9900/re**al_swab_screening_as_a_predictor_of_bacteremia.1560.aspx

Diego Medina Valencia, Paola Pérez-Camacho et al.

01/25/2026

This review of pediatric MDR/RR-TB in from 2013 to 2023 shows a 76% treatment success rate and 9% mortality, aligning with limited international data.
Whilst the whole country is affected, the concentration of children with /RR-TB, particularly in one remote area, presents major challenges for the national TB program.

Dig out more about pediatric MDR TB in a low-resource high burden setting.
https://journals.lww.com/pidj/fulltext/2025/12000/epidemiology_and_outcomes_of_pediatric.4.aspx

Epidemiology and Outcomes of Pediatric Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis in Namibia: A Retrospective Review of National Registry Data From 2013 to 2023

Burkhardt, Ingrid,.... Seddon, James A., Günther, Gunar et al.

01/25/2026

This recent study published in PIDJ found that a significant proportion of adolescent and young adult survivors of group B disease experience long-term psychological (58%) and physical (15%) .

These findings underscore the importance of both medical and psychological follow-up care after discharge to improve long-term health outcomes for adolescent meningococcal disease survivors.

Read more here:
https://journals.lww.com/pidj/fulltext/2026/01000/long_term_impact_of_invasive_meningococcal_disease.3.aspx
Long-term Impact of Invasive Meningococcal Disease in Australian Adolescents and Young Adults
McMillan, Mark,... Runnegar, Naomi; Cheng, Allen C; Marshall, Helen S et al.

01/25/2026

In this study published in PIDJ, children with PCR-positive gastroenteritis who were culture-positive, had significantly more severe disease compared to culture-negative cases. They also had lower Ct values, supporting the value of quantification in distinguishing clinically meaningful infections and informing patient management.

Read more here:
https://journals.lww.com/pidj/fulltext/2026/01000/shigella_pcr_positive_gastroenteritis_in_children_.11.aspx
Shigella PCR-positive Gastroenteritis in Children: Insights From a Comparison Between Culture-positive and Culture-negative Cases
Beeri, Yehonatan MD; Ben Sh*trit, Itamar BSc; Hazan, Guy MD; Beniacar, Hezi BSc; Sagi, Orli PhD; Soyonov, Eliran BSc; Rashti, Aviv; Greenberg, David MD; Cohen, Dani MD; Danino, Dana MD

01/14/2026

Epidemiology and Diseases Burden of Human 1 Infection in a Children’s Hospital in Tokyo, Japan

https://journals.lww.com/pidj/fulltext/2026/02000/epidemiology_and_diseases_burden_of_human.10.aspx
Murata, Yo; Shibata, Meiwa; Funakoshi, Hanako; Kinosh*ta, Kazue; Horikoshi, Yuho

latest

01/14/2026

This study led by Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, highlights the emerging impact of pneumoniae infections in children, examining clinical outcomes after the COVID-19 pandemic and emphasizing the importance of accurate epidemiological surveillance.
It also explores how containment measures may have affected its epidemiology in Italy and sheds light on ongoing debates about antibiotic therapy efficacy.

https://journals.lww.com/pidj/fulltext/2026/02000/epidemiology_and_clinical_impact_of_mycoplasma.6.aspx
Bianchi, Marco et al.
latest

01/10/2026

Letters to the Editor:

Black Hairy Tongue on Second Line Antituberculous Therapy: Don’t Forget Induced Lingua Villosa Nigra

(A case from Mumbai, India)

https://journals.lww.com/pidj/fulltext/2026/02000/black_hairy_tongue_on_second_line_antituberculous.23.aspx
Jain, Suhani; Agrawal, Reepa; Shah, Ira.

01/10/2026

Vaccine Immunity Against Pneumococcus in Children With Cochlear Implants

https://journals.lww.com/pidj/fulltext/2026/02000/vaccine_immunity_against_pneumococcus_in_children.19.aspx

Hominal, Audrey; Gualtieri, Renato; Lemaitre, Barbara; Pósfay-Barbe, Klara M.; Cao-Van, Helene; Blanchard-Rohner, Geraldine

01/10/2026

From Sepsis to Pneumonia: Tackling Infections Across Systems!

Whether your work focuses on respiratory, gastrointestinal, or systemic infections, ESPID is the platform to share research that drives clinical progress. Submit your latest findings on sepsis, CNS infections, pneumonia, ENT infections, STDs, and more by Tuesday, 20 January.

🔗https://espidmeeting.org/abstract-submission