
07/18/2025
Could trees predict volcanic eruptions with their leaves?
In 2019, scientists made an extraordinary discovery that changed the way we think about volcanic eruptions. Researchers studying Mount Etna, Italy, found that trees could serve as an unexpected early warning system for eruptions. As magma rises beneath the earth’s surface, it releases carbon dioxide, which influences the growth and health of nearby trees. These trees, in turn, show changes in leaf color, turning a deeper shade of green as their health improves due to increased carbon dioxide.
Using advanced satellite technology like the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), scientists were able to measure the greening of leaves and link it to the movement of magma beneath the volcano. This new method, in conjunction with traditional indicators like seismic activity, could offer a more accurate and remote way to predict volcanic eruptions, especially in hard-to-reach areas.
This breakthrough study was not isolated. Research in Costa Rica also showed that tropical trees respond to carbon dioxide released from volcanoes in similar ways, further proving the link between vegetation health and volcanic activity. Scientists from NASA, the Smithsonian Institution, and various universities have since joined forces to monitor these changes in vegetation near volcanoes across Central America.
P.S. As the world faces rising global CO2 levels, studying how trees respond to volcanic emissions might offer crucial insights into future environmental changes.