04/19/2024
JOIN US TO CELEBRATE 100 YEARS IN THE MAKING: THE NATIONALITY OF PUEBLO.
DOORS OPEN AT 5:00PM. REFRESHMENTS. STORYTELLING AT 6:00PM. SNEAK PREVIEW OF PHOTOGRAPHY EXHIBITION.
We invite you to come and experience Pueblo again for the very first time. Special thanks to Colorado Housing and Finance Authority (CHFA) for their generous support of The Dig Lecture Series.
In 2014 as a member of the Board of Directors, Gregory Howell curated an exhibition at the Steelworks Center of the West titled Heritage Square | Embracing Cultural Diversity at the Colorado Fuel & Iron Company. Since its earliest days, the citizens of Pueblo have brought to the fabric of the community a long tradition of exploration, discovery and self-expression. The region has been at the epicenter of opportunity in Southern Colorado since it's earliest days. CF & I was the first integrated steel mill west of the Mississippi River beginning production in 1872. At one time CF&I was the largest private landowner and the largest employer in Colorado. CF&I mines and mining towns operated throughout the west and the firm owned subsidiary companies located from Massachusetts to California. In addition to its importance to the industrial and business history of the West, CF&I played a fundamental cultural role throughout Colorado. It encouraged the immigration of diverse ethnic groups to Southern Colorado by recruiting Italian, German, Slovenian, Mexican, African-American, and Asian families to move to the west to work in the mines and Mills.
At the core of this 2014 exhibition was a CF&I report called the Nationality of Employees 1923-24 (see report below) which lists the entire workforce of 10,823 individuals and identifies the workers by their nationality and where they worked in the mines and mills. The data served as the foundation for the exhibition and reinforced our understanding of how powerful CF&I was in the development of this unique melting pot in Southern Colorado. The Camp and Plant Magazine was published weekly from 1901 to 1904 by the CF&I Sociological Department. It's purpose was to inform employees about the various activities and happenings at the company's steel mill, coal mines, iron mines, and quarries. Indicative of the multinational composition of the company workforce, some articles in Camp and Plant were written in German, Spanish, Italian and Slovenian.
The open door immigration policy of the United States would close in 1924 immediately after this CF&I report was issued. The Immigration Act of 1924 or Johnson - Reed Act, including the National Origins Act, and the Asian Exclusion Act was a United States federal law aimed at restricting the Southern and Eastern Europeans who were immigrating in large numbers starting in the 1890s, as well as prohibiting the immigration of Middle Easterners, East Asians and Asian Indians. The Act controlled "undesirable" immigration by establishing quotas. Some 86% of the 155,000 permitted to enter under the Act were from Northern European countries, with Germany, Britain, and Ireland having the highest quotas. So restrictive where the new quotas for immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe that in 1924 more Italians, Czechs, Yugoslavs, Greeks, Lithuanians, Hungarians, Poles, Portuguese, Romanians, Spaniards, Chinese, and Japanese left the United States than arrived as immigrants. The quotas remained in place with minor alterations until the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965.
https://www.eventbrite.com/e/the-dig-a-contemporary-speakeasy-with-gregory-howell-tickets-885593733697?aff=oddtdtcreator