22/08/2026
On August 21, 1863, the first artillery shells landed inside the city of Chattanooga, Tennessee, utterly surprising and scattering Confederate soldiers and civilians alike. The officer who ordered those shots to be fired was Captain Eli Lilly, commanding the 18th Indiana Light Artillery. Before the Civil War, Lilly worked as a druggist and had a deep fascination with chemistry. During the Chickamauga Campaign, he commanded the artillery of Colonel John T. Wilder’s “Lightning Brigade,” a role which eventually placed him squarely in the thick of the fighting along West Chickamauga Creek several weeks later on September 18, 19, and 20, 1863.
Lilly survived the battle and the war, eventually returning home and re-entering the pharmaceutical field. Under his family’s leadership, Lilly Pharmaceuticals became one of the first companies in the United States to mass‑produce penicillin, saving the lives of thousands of soldiers during World War II. It was also among the earliest producers of insulin, transforming the treatment of diabetes and improving the lives of millions.
Eli Lilly’s legacy lives on today, continuing to save lives through the medications his company develops, all of which can be traced back to a young captain who survived the carnage of the second deadliest battle of the Civil War - the Battle of Chickamauga.
However, Lilly's success should bring us pause and cause us to ask ourselves how many cures, discoveries, or breakthroughs never came to be because their potential creators were lost to war? What might the world look like today if every bright mind had lived long enough to share its gifts?
Image: D.M. Spurgin & Son, photographer. Major Eli Lilly of Co. E, 21st Indiana Infantry Regiment, 18th Indiana Light Artillery Battery, and 9th Indiana Cavalry Regiment in uniform / D.M. Spurgin & Son, photographers, Green Castle, Ind. United States, None. [Green castle, ind.: d.m. spurgin & son, between 1861 and 1865] Photograph. https://www.loc.gov/item/2018652645/.