11/27/2025
The History of Black Friday: From Chaos to a Holiday Tradition
Every year, the day after Thanksgiving marks the unofficial start of the holiday shopping season — a day now known nationwide as Black Friday. But long before doorbusters, online sales, and overnight lines became familiar traditions, the term carried a very different meaning.
The earliest known use of “Black Friday” dates back to the 1860s, when two Wall Street financiers, Jay Gould and Jim Fisk, attempted to corner the U.S. gold market. Their scheme collapsed spectacularly on Friday, September 24, 1869, sending markets into chaos and earning the day its ominous name. This event, however, had nothing to do with shopping.
The Black Friday we recognize today began to take shape in Philadelphia in the 1950s. City police officers used the term to describe the overwhelming crowds and traffic jams that descended on downtown the day after Thanksgiving, as suburban shoppers and early holiday tourists arrived for the Army–Navy football game held that weekend. Local retailers tried to rebrand it as “Big Friday,” but the original name stuck — and eventually spread nationwide.
By the 1980s, retailers attempted to put a more positive spin on the phrase. They began promoting the idea that Black Friday was the day stores finally went “into the black,” shifting from losses to profits as holiday shopping ramped up. Whether or not this was strictly accurate, the message resonated with consumers, and the day quickly became a fixture of American retail culture.
Over time, Black Friday has transformed from a single shopping day into an entire season. Midnight openings gave way to Thanksgiving evening sales, then gradually receded as retailers shifted emphasis toward online deals. The rise of Cyber Monday, Small Business Saturday, and extended “Black Friday Week” promotions has spread the frenzy across the entire holiday period.
Yet despite its evolution, the spirit of the day remains the same: a mix of excitement, tradition, and the thrill of finding a bargain. In Washington County and across the country, Black Friday continues to mark the start of the festive season — a uniquely American blend of commerce, celebration, and community.