06/08/2025
Earthing is the process of connecting the non-current-carrying parts of electrical equipment or the neutral point of a supply system to the ground using a low-resistance wire.
✅ Purpose of Earthing
1. Safety: Prevents electric shock by providing a safe path for fault current.
2. Equipment Protection: Prevents damage to equipment during short circuits or lightning.
3. Voltage Stabilization: Helps maintain voltage at a stable level during load changes.
4. Surge Protection: Protects against voltage surges and lightning strikes.
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⚙️ Types of Earthing
1. Pipe Earthing: A galvanized iron (GI) pipe is used, buried vertically in the ground and surrounded by salt and charcoal.
2. Plate Earthing: A copper or GI plate is buried vertically in the ground.
3. Rod Earthing: Copper-bonded steel rods are driven into the ground.
4. Strip or Wire Earthing: Used for high soil resistivity areas; GI or copper strips are buried in trenches.
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⚡ Basic Components
Earthing Electrode: Rod, pipe, or plate buried in the ground.
Earth Wire: Connects the equipment to the earthing electrode.
Earth Pit: A pit that contains the electrode and helps in maintaining moisture.
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🧰 Where is Earthing Used?
Residential buildings: For all appliances and sockets.
Industrial systems: Motors, transformers, panels.
Transmission lines: Towers and poles are earthed to prevent hazards.
