Joe's Communications

09/30/2025

Learn the colors:
🔴 Rojo = +5V
⚪ White = Data+
🔵 Green = Data–
⚫ black = Earth

👉 Knowing these codes is key to repairing or assembling your own USB cables.

09/30/2025

This image is a pinout diagram for a USB Type-A connector. It shows you which wire color corresponds to each of the four pins inside the connector.

Here’s a breakdown of what each part means:

​1. Red (VCC): This is the power line. It provides the 5-volt power that USB devices need to operate.

​2. White (Data -): This is the negative data line. It’s one of the two wires used for transmitting data.

​3. Green (Data +): This is the positive data line. Along with the white wire, it’s responsible for data transmission.

​4. Black (Ground): This is the ground wire, which provides a common return path for the electrical current. It completes the circuit.

​This diagram is useful for anyone trying to repair a broken USB cable or build a custom one, as it clearly identifies the function of each wire.

06/08/2025

Earthing is the process of connecting the non-current-carrying parts of electrical equipment or the neutral point of a supply system to the ground using a low-resistance wire.

✅ Purpose of Earthing

1. Safety: Prevents electric shock by providing a safe path for fault current.

2. Equipment Protection: Prevents damage to equipment during short circuits or lightning.

3. Voltage Stabilization: Helps maintain voltage at a stable level during load changes.

4. Surge Protection: Protects against voltage surges and lightning strikes.

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⚙️ Types of Earthing

1. Pipe Earthing: A galvanized iron (GI) pipe is used, buried vertically in the ground and surrounded by salt and charcoal.

2. Plate Earthing: A copper or GI plate is buried vertically in the ground.

3. Rod Earthing: Copper-bonded steel rods are driven into the ground.

4. Strip or Wire Earthing: Used for high soil resistivity areas; GI or copper strips are buried in trenches.

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⚡ Basic Components

Earthing Electrode: Rod, pipe, or plate buried in the ground.

Earth Wire: Connects the equipment to the earthing electrode.

Earth Pit: A pit that contains the electrode and helps in maintaining moisture.

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🧰 Where is Earthing Used?

Residential buildings: For all appliances and sockets.

Industrial systems: Motors, transformers, panels.

Transmission lines: Towers and poles are earthed to prevent hazards.

05/28/2025

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04/25/2025

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