02/28/2025
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Ask most Americans if the United States is a democracy or a republic, and youโll get a mix of answers, many of them wrong. Unfortunately, this confusion is multi-generational. You see, from the very beginning, the way civics has been taught in schools has left out important facts; as a result, many people never truly learned how their own government actually works. This is as true today as it was in past generations. Because of this, over time, those with money and power have been able to slowly change the system to serve themselves instead of the common good, making it harder for ordinary people to have a real voice.
This deserves some unpacking.
To be clear, the United States was never a democracy. Despite this being a triggering statement for many who believe otherwise, it is simply true. It was designed as a republic, a system where people elect representatives to make decisions for them. In a democracy, citizens vote directly on laws and policies, but in a republic, the people choose leaders to do that work on their behalf. While this system helps keep things organized and stable, it also creates a problem: once people are elected, they can simply ignore the publicโs wishes and act on their own discretion. If voters donโt hold them accountable, representatives can pass laws that benefit their wealthy and powerful donors instead of the people theyโre supposed to serve. Unless you're new here, you know this to be true and pervasive.
Let's look to history for additional clarity. The U.S. government structure is based on the Roman Republic, not Athenian democracy. In ancient Athens, citizens voted directly on government decisions. There were no elected leaders acting on their behalf. Simply put, if you were a citizen, you had a say. The Roman Republic, on the other hand, gave people the right to vote, but their power was filtered through a Senate and elected officials. The Founders of the United States chose this system because they feared that democracy would lead to instability and mob rule. They wanted checks and balances so that no single faction could take complete control. However, over time, these same checks and balances have been repurposed, allowing a wealthy elite to dominate the government while ordinary citizens are left with little real power.
The evidence is hiding in plain sight. Nowhere in the U.S. Constitution does the word "democracy" appear. Instead, the Constitution only guarantees a "Republican form of government." This simply means that the people do not legislate; they elect those who do. As in Rome, the ability to influence laws is therefore filtered through layers of representation, each acting as a gatekeeper between the people and their sovereign power.
This begs the question: if democracy is not part of the governmentโs structure, where does it existโif it truly exists at all?
The answer has always been the First Amendment.
The rights to free speech, a free press, peaceful assembly, and petitioning the government are the only real ways people can participate in democracy. These rights allow citizens to organize, speak out, self-govern, and demand action from their elected representatives. They make it possible for the public to challenge power; and without them, democracy simply doesn't exist. Despite this, civics has always been taught through the lense of political science and not in the domain of communication. There is, after all, a significant difference between learning about the power structures and institutions of the government; and how to effectively interact with them.
However, over time, the First Amendment has been twisted and manipulated to benefit the wealthy. In Citizens United v. FEC (2010), the Supreme Court ruled that money is the same as speech, allowing corporations and billionaires to spend unlimited amounts of money on elections. This decision gave the richest Americans the ability to influence politics in a way that ordinary people never had and never will. Instead of every personโs voice carrying equal weight, those with the most money get the most influence. This is not free speech. It is legalized bribery.
The press, which is supposed to inform the public and hold leaders accountable, has also been taken over. Today, just six corporations own over 90% of the media in the U.S. These companies decide what stories get told and how they are framed, directly fueling ultra-partisanship. Investigative journalism, which once exposed corruption and wrongdoing, has been pushed aside in favor of news that protects business and political interests. The American people are left with entertainment and partisan reporting instead of the rare occurrence of hard-hitting journalism that effectively challenges the system.
Even the rights to protest and petition the government have been weakened. Many states have passed laws that make protesting harder, allowing police to arrest demonstrators and label protests as riots. Meanwhile, corporations hire lobbyists to write laws in their favor, drowning out the voices of ordinary people. But perhaps the most damning example of government refusing to recognize public petitions is Congressโ blatant disregard for the constitutional threshold of states applying for an Article V Convention to propose amendments.
The U.S. Constitution states that Congress must call a convention if 34 states submit applications. This process was designed as a way for the states and the people to bypass a corrupt and unresponsive federal government. Yet Congress, despite having received the required number of applications multiple times throughout history, has refused to call a convention. In other words, even when the constitutional process for change is followed exactly, those in power ignore it outright. Keep in mind, such a convention has but one power; to propose.
This is the reality of America today: the public has no real mechanism to force government action, no matter how many voices demand it. The First Amendment still exists on paper, but in reality, its power has largely been taken away from the public.
This did not happen by accident. It happened because civics education in the U.S. has failed. Schools teach students that America is a democracy without explaining what that actually means. They tell students to vote, but they donโt teach them how to challenge corruption, organize, or hold leaders accountable through active participation. As a result, many Americans believe that elections are the only way to make a difference; once every two years. And when elections donโt bring real change, people give up.
A republic cannot function if the people donโt know how to participate in it; and without a structured way for citizens to challenge power, the republic will continue to serve only the wealthy and well-connected.
The Founders said we had a republic if we could keep it. But today, that republic has been captured by those who would rather serve their own interests than the public good. The Constitution was designed to limit government power, but it was never designed to stop corporate takeovers, billionaire influence, or media manipulation. That responsibility belongs to the people; but if the public does not act, democracy will fade until it is nothing more than an illusion. If the people rise to take it back, they may be able to restore what has been lost.
The Founders warned that a republic could only survive if its people remained vigilant. Yet today, the institutions meant to serve us have either been suppressed or hollowed out, or, bought and sold to the highest bidder. The voice of the people has been drowned beneath waves of corporate cash, the press has been chained to the interests of the powerful, and the very rights that were meant to safeguard democracy have been twisted into tools of manipulation. We were promised a system where government would be of, by, and for the people, but what we have instead is rule by the wealthy, policies written by lobbyists, and a political order that serves itself and its donors first and the people last.
A republic is not self-sustaining. It must be protected, reinforced, and when necessary, reclaimed. No law, no institution, no Constitution can preserve it if the people fail to act. We are told to wait for the next election, to trust a broken system, to believe that change will come from within. But history has shown that republics do not fall overnight. They erode, piece by piece, while the people watch and wait for someone else to save them.
The time for waiting is over. The time for action is now. If democracy has been stolen from the public sphere, then the public must take it back. If those in power refuse to be held accountable, then the people must build the mechanisms to hold them accountable. If a republic is to survive, it must be fueled by active participation, not silence.
The question is no longer whether we can afford to act, but whether we can afford not to. The moment is upon us and the responsibility is our own.
Can we keep it?
If you found this article insightful, please consider supporting the author and his upcoming book on restoring civic power.
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