06/24/2026
In a quest to find all copies of the Declaration of Independence produced between 1776 and 1826, Danielle Allen’s research team at Harvard stumbled upon something special in the small West Sussex Record Office: a large-scale ceremonial parchment of the Declaration of Independence. https://theatln.tc/JlyLsPuY
“Prior to this find, it had been thought that a single large-scale parchment existed: the one tourists can see protectively encased at the National Archives, in Washington, D.C.,” Allen wrote last year. “The unanswered question was how it had found its way to West Sussex.
The researchers hypothesized that it had originally belonged to Charles Lennox, the third Duke of Richmond. A man of radical views, Lennox was committed to the political empowerment of British citizens and was politically active in Britain before, during, and after the American Revolution. But it wasn’t until a London taxi driver mentioned some trivia to Allen’s family that the mystery really unfolded: Allen discovered that Thomas Paine, the Englishman turned American whose “Common Sense” would become the best-selling political pamphlet of the 18th century—and tilt America toward independence—had lived in Sussex for six years.
Then the connections between this radical duke and Revolutionary polemicist began to unfold. “Richmond had been the first patron of a writer who would do more than any other to stir revolutionary sentiment in the colonies,” Allen continued.
“The American colonists, we’ve come to understand, learned how to govern themselves partly because the British government was an ocean away. Then, when Crown and Parliament sought to assert more control, the homegrown spirit of self-government rose up to resist. But this leaves out an earlier chapter, one centered not in Boston but in London,” Allen writes at the link.
📸: Portrait of Charles Lennox, the third Duke of Richmond, by George Romney, circa 1776 (The Picture Art Collection / Alamy)