09/21/2026
📜 This Day in History – September 21
🏛️ Notable Events
• 1780 – Benedict Arnold meets with British Major John André over the West Point plot
During the American Revolution, American Major General Benedict Arnold secretly met British Major John André to finalize plans to surrender the strategically important fortress at West Point, New York, to the British. The plot unraveled when André was captured carrying incriminating documents, while Arnold escaped to British-held New York City. Arnold’s name would become so closely associated with the betrayal that “Benedict Arnold” became an American synonym for traitor.
• 1937 – J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Hobbit is published
George Allen & Unwin published the first edition of J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Hobbit in Britain. The story introduced readers to Bilbo Baggins, Gandalf, and the world of Middle-earth, and the first printing quickly sold out. Its success eventually led Tolkien to write the much larger work that became The Lord of the Rings.
• 1938 – The Great New England Hurricane strikes Long Island and New England
One of the most destructive hurricanes in the region’s history raced northward and struck Long Island before tearing through southern New England. The storm brought devastating winds, flooding, and an enormous storm surge, destroying homes, boats, roads, and entire coastal communities. More than 600 people were killed across the storm’s path.
• 1981 – Sandra Day O’Connor is confirmed as the first woman on the U.S. Supreme Court
The United States Senate voted 99-0 to confirm Sandra Day O’Connor as an associate justice of the Supreme Court. President Ronald Reagan had nominated the Arizona judge earlier that year, fulfilling a campaign promise to appoint a woman to the nation’s highest court. O’Connor took the judicial oath four days later and served on the Court for nearly 25 years.
• 1991 – Armenia votes overwhelmingly for independence
Voters in Armenia went to the polls in a referendum on leaving the Soviet Union and establishing an independent state. More than 99 percent of valid votes supported independence, and Armenia’s Supreme Council formally proclaimed the country independent two days later. September 21 is now celebrated as Armenia’s Independence Day.
🎂 Notable Births
• 1788 – Margaret Taylor, future First Lady of the United States
Margaret “Peggy” Mackall Smith was born in Calvert County, Maryland. She married Army officer Zachary Taylor in 1810 and spent much of their marriage following him between military posts before he became the 12th president of the United States. As First Lady, she largely avoided the public social role of the White House and left many hostess duties to her daughter.
• 1866 – H. G. Wells, English writer
Herbert George Wells was born in Bromley, Kent, England, and became one of the most influential early writers of science fiction. His works included The Time Machine, The Invisible Man, The War of the Worlds, and The First Men in the Moon. Wells used imaginative stories about technology and the future to explore much larger questions about society and humanity.
• 1909 – Kwame Nkrumah, leader of Ghana’s independence movement
Kwame Nkrumah was born in Nkroful in the British colony of the Gold Coast, now Ghana. He became a central figure in the campaign to end British colonial rule and led Ghana when it gained independence in 1957. Nkrumah later became the country’s first president and an influential advocate for Pan-African unity.
• 1912 – Chuck Jones, American animator and director
Charles Martin “Chuck” Jones was born in Spokane, Washington, and became one of the most influential figures in American animation. During his long career, he helped shape characters including Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Wile E. Coyote, and the Road Runner and created memorable characters such as Marvin the Martian and Pepé Le Pew. Jones directed hundreds of animated films and received an Honorary Academy Award for his lifetime contribution to animation.
• 1947 – Stephen King, American author
Stephen Edwin King was born in Portland, Maine, and grew up largely in the state that would later become the setting for many of his stories. Beginning with the publication of Carrie in 1974, he built an extraordinary career writing horror, suspense, fantasy, and supernatural fiction. His novels and stories, including The Shining, It, Misery, and The Green Mile, have inspired generations of film and television adaptations.
🕯️ Notable Deaths
• 1558 – Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, 58
Charles V died at the Monastery of Yuste in Spain after voluntarily giving up his vast collection of titles and territories during the final years of his life. At the height of his power, his domains stretched across much of Europe and into the Americas, making him one of the most powerful rulers of the 16th century. His reign was shaped by wars with France, conflict with the Ottoman Empire, and the religious upheaval of the Protestant Reformation.
• 1832 – Sir Walter Scott, Scottish novelist and poet, 61
Sir Walter Scott died at his home, Abbotsford, in the Scottish Borders. His enormously popular novels, including Waverley, Rob Roy, and Ivanhoe, helped establish the historical novel as a major literary form. His stories also played an important role in shaping popular ideas about Scotland’s history and culture.
• 1860 – Arthur Schopenhauer, German philosopher, 72
Arthur Schopenhauer died at his home in Frankfurt after spending decades developing a distinctive and often pessimistic philosophy of human existence. His most important work, The World as Will and Representation, explored desire, suffering, perception, and the forces he believed drove human behavior. Although recognition came relatively late in his life, his ideas later influenced philosophy, psychology, literature, and the arts.
• 1904 – Chief Joseph, Nez Perce leader, about 64
Chief Joseph, known in his own language as Hinmatóowyalahtq̓it, died on the Colville Reservation in Washington. He had become internationally known following the Nez Perce conflict of 1877, when his people traveled more than 1,000 miles while attempting to escape forced relocation and reach safety near Canada. For the rest of his life, Joseph continued appealing to government leaders for the right of his people to return to their homeland in Oregon’s Wallowa Valley, a request that was never granted to him.
• 1947 – Harry Carey, American actor, 69
Harry Carey died in California after a film career that stretched back to the silent era. He became one of early Hollywood’s best-known Western stars and worked extensively with director John Ford before successfully transitioning into character roles in sound films. His performance in Mr. Smith Goes to Washington earned him an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor.