10/10/2025
COMMENT | Mkhwanazi’s heroism and the deeper war against South Africa’s criminal underworld
Lieutenant General Nhlanhla Mkhwanazi is, without question, a man of extraordinary courage and conviction. His recent actions have seemingly sent tremors through South Africa’s criminal underworld, unsettling networks that for years have operated with impunity. In a country where speaking truth to power often comes with a bullet or a smear campaign, his defiance is nothing short of heroic.
Yet history teaches us a sobering truth: no single man, however brave, can dismantle an entrenched system of corruption and criminality. From Jesus Christ to John F. Kennedy, to the countless South African whistleblowers silenced for their integrity, we know that heroism alone cannot purge a state captured by criminal enterprise. Individual valor, while inspiring, is never a substitute for strong, independent institutions.
South Africa’s criminal syndicates both in and outside the state are not static. They can adapt, reconfigure, and realign as soon as their operations are threatened. The recent arrests and exposes may disrupt their operations temporarily, but without systemic reform, these networks will regenerate. As public outrage swells and scapegoats like the Maumelas or Vusi “Cat” Matlalas are paraded before the courts and the in media, the real masterminds will simply retreat into the shadows, tightening their grip on key sectors and perfecting new methods of concealment.
This is why the question before us is not how long Mkhwanazi can sustain his crusade, but rather: how can South Africa sustain a long-term, institutional response to corruption that outlives individual heroes?
The answer lies in building and protecting independent, constitutionally compliant anti-corruption bodies with genuine autonomy. We cannot continue to rely on occasional bursts of moral courage from individuals when the criminal ecosystem is systemic. South Africa needs to invest political and financial capital in strengthening the National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) and, in particular, its Investigating Directorate Against Corruption (IDAC).
The IDAC, recently formalised under the NPA Amendment Act offers a renewed opportunity to reclaim the state from capture. It revives the spirit of the old Scorpions, combining prosecutorial and investigative capacity under one constitutionally independent authority. But unlike its predecessor, which was vulnerable to political interference and ultimately disbanded, IDAC’s design embeds stronger safeguards for operational independence, accountability to Parliament, and security of tenure for its leadership.
If properly resourced and insulated from executive manipulation, IDAC could become the institutional embodiment of the courage Mkhwanazi displayed i.e., a permanent mechanism to pursue corruption without fear or favour. Its success, however, depends not only on the law but on political will. Parliament must ensure adequate funding, civil society must insist on transparency, and the executive must refrain from interference.
South Africa has, for too long, oscillated between despair and misplaced hope in individuals who dare to confront the corrupt. Mkhwanazi’s bravery should not be allowed to fade into yet another tragic chapter in our long war against criminal syndicates. Instead, it should galvanise a national recommitment to building institutions that make heroism unnecessary.
Because in a just and well-governed society, the fight against corruption should not depend on the courage of one man, it should rest on the strength of the law.
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