
14/08/2025
Who is Soshangane ?
Soshangana Ka Gasa Zikode (c. 1780 – c. 1858), born Soshangana Nxumalo, was the founder and first monarch of the Gaza Empire, which, at its peak, spanned from the Limpopo River in southern Mozambique to the Zambezi River in the north. He ruled the Gaza state from 1825 until his death in 1858. Soshangana was also known by the name Manukosi.
Soshangana was born circa 1780 in present-day KwaNongoma, KwaZulu, to Zikode kaGasa, a chief of the junior branch (iKhohlo) of the Ndwandwe people. His younger brother was Mhlabawadabuka. The Gasa family occupied the Mkhuze region near eTshanini Mountain (also known as Ghost Mountain), while the senior branch, under Zwide, resided in Magudu near the Pongola Valley. During this period, the Ndwandwe were gaining military power, and Zwide ascended to the Ndwandwe-Nxumalo throne after the death of his father, Langa KaXaba
During the wars that engulfed the Nguni states, three powerful chiefdoms emerged. The first was the Ndwandwe confederacy under Zwide, the second was the Swazi state ruled by Sobhuza I, and the third was the Mthethwa confederacy led by Dingiswayo. These large states were governed by paramount chiefs who demanded tributes from numerous smaller states, communities, and clans. While the subordinate states acknowledged the central ruler's authority in matters such as state rituals, initiation rites, tribute payment, and warfare, they retained significant autonomy in their daily affairs.
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