11/08/2025
"Le 11/2/1990 isi yose yari yerekeje amaso ku gasho kari munkengera z'umuji wa cape town muri africa y'epfo bategereje irekurwa ry'igihangange mw'isi yose".
Izina ryiwe risa nk'ikimenyetso; umugabo ufise iryo zina asa nk'amayobera.
Nkibivuga beshi mwahise mumwibaza
Ntawundi ni igihangange c'aranzwe n'ubutwari kuri iyi si.
NELSON MANDELA
Ni muntu ki?
Yavutse Le18/7/1918 yavukiye mumajepfo ya africa y'epfo mubwoko bw'abatware bw'aba Madiba; yiga mwishure ry'abazungu ndetse yiga na kaminuza.arangije kaminuza umwami yamuhitiyemwo umugeni maze MANDELA aramwanka avuga ko uyo mukobwa ari mubi bataberanye.
Umwami amusesereje yaje kuva mumuryango iwabo yigira Johannesburg.
MANDELA yinjiye mumuji wa Johannesburg atamizigo afise usivye costume n'aga sakoshi gato yari afite kurutugu; yambara neza impuzu zimukwiriye kuburyo utari kumenya ko ari umunya caro.
[ ] MANDELA yabaye Johannesburg bidatinze aza guhura na WALTEL SIZULU yariko arondera abasore bakiri bato bogushira mumugambwe yari afise wa ANC(African National Congress); yaganiye na MANDELA maze amubwirako ashaka kwiga amategeko; SIZULU yafashe MANDELA kuko yumvako nubundi politique n'amategeko bigendana.
SIZULU yashakiye MANDELA aho gukorera mumugwi ujanye n'ivyamategeko ;akahakora ari nako ayiga.
MANDELA yaba mugace gakenye;atashe akiga akoresheje buji;
Yari yihishe mubandi birabure beshi batagira uburenganzira bwo gutora kandi bagakorerwa ihohoterwa buri musi; ibi bikarushaho kumutera umujinya.
Mumurwi waho yakorera bamutumye kugura ibikombe vyo kunyweramwo; yagomba kugura ibitandukanye kuko abirabure bategereza kunywera muvy'ivyuma maze abazungu nabo bakanywera mu birahure;
MANDELA yaragiye agura ibirahure gusa yanka kunywera muvy'ivyuma avuga ko abantu abantu bose bangana atakubatandukanya.
Iki nico gikorwa ca mbere abantu batanguye kubonerako ko azohava akora ivyo abandi batinye.
SIZULU wayobora ANC yatanguye kwigisha MANDELA politique.
SIZULU yari amenyereye umuji akaba n'inzobere muri politique yatangajwe nukubona MANDELA atahura ivya politique kurusha n'abasaza babikuriyemwo mbere akavugako nawe ubwiwe anabimurusha.
MANDELA yakomeje kuba incuti nziza ya WALTEL SIZULU ;
umusi MANDELA yabona Diplome mubijanye n'amategeko yagaragaye yambaye costume yaguriwe na WALTER SIZULU baboneka mumafoto bishimye.
Akimara kubona Diplome yagiye gusaba urupapuro rumuha uburenganzira bwo gukorera mw'ishirahamwe ry'aba avocants nk'umukozi abikwiye bararumwima bamusaba kuvavanura na SIZULU;
MANDELA yaravyemeye kugira yibonere urupapuro ariko cari ikinyoma; aha yahise atangura kuba umunya politique kumugaragaro.
Yari afise ibitekerezo vyishi ku buryo rimwe na rimwe atavuga rumwe na SIZULU cane cane ku ngingo yavuga ko abirabure bakwiye kwifatanya n'abahindi mukurwanya igitugu c'abazungu.
Iki kibazo c'abahindi carya umutwe Mandeka kuko we yashaka ko urugamba ruba urw'abanyafrica.
Abirabure bo muri Africa y'epfo bakorerwa ihohoterwa rikomeye; bagomba kuba bafise passport kugira batembere mugihugu hagati; ibi vyose MANDELA yabibona bikamurya mumutwe.
Ku maradio inkuru iyoboye izindi yaba ari iyugushamirana hagati y'abirabure n'abazungu. Ico gihe abirabure babita abantu b'ibara.
Nyuma yukubona ivyiyumviro n'ishaka vya MANDELA yatorewe kuba umukoranabushake wa ANC ku rwego rw'igihugu aha niho yaciye aturirira Passport yiwe kumugaragaro maze ahamagarira na bagenzi we kugira nkawe kuko ata mpamvu yugukoresha passport mugihugu cawe.
MANDELA yahise afatanya na OLIVER TAMBO bashinga Cabinet d'avocant yaburanira abirabure.
MANDELA yifata neza cane agakundwa n'abakobwa beshi yashakanye na EVELYNE yari mushiki wa SIZULU bavyarana abana 3; kubwuko MANDELA umwanya munini yawuharira politique bakama babipfuye n'umugore we baje gutandukana.
1957 yamenyanye na WINNIE MADIKIZELA maze barakundana; ico gihe Winnie yari afise imyaka 20 Mandela afise 38. Imiryango yakomye induru ariko Mandela aranka ahitamwo kubana na Winnie Madikizela kuko yamukunda cane.
Le21/3/1960 habaye imyiyerekano yaguyemwo abanyu 70 barashwe na police ya Johannesburg.
L'etat yatangajeko ibintu vyacitse ihita itangaza ko ANC itemewe mugihugu;
MANDELA yahise atoroka ngo adafungwa asiga Winnie n'udukobwa twabo 2 twari tukiri duto. Yagiye kwihisha mugace kari gatuwemwo n'abazungu kuko abirabure bariko bicwa ku bwishi.
MANDELA aho yari yihishe vyaramuriye atangura kwicuza impamvu muri ANC batemerewe kwihorera.
Bidatinze yatumyeko umunyamakuru ngo amubwire akamubakiye kumutima yagize ati:
"Abantu batekereza ko nta kamaro bifise kuba turiko dukomeza kwigisha amahoro kuri L'etat ifise ubugome n'ubunyamaswa kubanyagihugu badafise ibirwanisho n'uburyo bwo kwirinda; ndatekereza ko iki arico gihe co kwibaza niba uburyo dukoresha muguhangana nabatugirira nabi bukwiye koko."
Abayobozi ba ANC bumvise iri jambo maze rwihishwe bagira MANDELA umuyobozi w'igisirikare c'ibanga ca ANC citwa "Umkontho wesizwe: icumu ry'icuma ry'igihugu"
UMU AVOCANT MU NTAMBARA
Nyuma yugusoma ibitabo vyishi vyintambara MANDELA yahise afantanya na JACKSON(umu veterant wo muntambara 2 y'isi) batanguye gukora ibisasu bo ubwabo.
Bidatinze bagize igerageza rya bombe yabo bari bakoze; habaye iturika ridasanzwe maze MANDELA ivyishimo biramurenga; hagomba kuzoza haturitswa intsinga z'amatara ndetse nahari ibikorwa remezo vya l'etat.
Le16/12/1961 habaye igitero ca mbere, iki gihe haturikijwe ahahurira intsinga z'amatara hashika 10 muri soweto
Aya ma bombes yashuhije umutwe l'etat y'abazungu.
Kubanyagihugu MANDELA yari nk'Imana yabo naho kuri L'etat akaba umwansi wabo nomero yambere.
Ntivyatinze MANDELA yatangiye kuronderwa hasi hejuru maze arahunga yerekeza muri africa y'amaja ruguru gushakayo ubufasha muyindi mitwe y'inyeshamba;
Muri Algeria yahigiye gukoresha inkoho kurwego rwo hejuru; nyuma avayo yerekeza mubwongereza naho ahahurira n'incuti ya kere OLIVER TAMBO nawe yari yarahunze.yaciye he ari nakwo asaba ubufasha.
Ntivyatevye nyuma y'amezi 6 MANDELA yagarutse muri africa y'epfo maze asanga abo yasize bararonse ubwihisho ahitwa Livonia mumajarugura ya johannesburg.
MANDELA yashaka kwama atembera ndetse aganira n'abanywanyi ba ANC ntivyatinze yashwanye na bagenziwe kuko bamusaba ko yokwama yihishe kuko yari azwi cane ariko we akavyanka.
Ijoro rimwe yaritwikiriye aragenda; aba police bari bamugwaye bamurondera umwanya kuwundi bamuguyeko baramucakira; babura ibimenyetso vy'uko yagize ibitero ariko bahita bamwagiriza gusohoka igihugu bitemewe n'amategeko no guhamagarira abantu kugumuka.
I Johannesburg Mubucamanza; MANDELA yinjiye yambaye igitambara ca kinyafrica; agashato k'igikoko mw'izosi n'ibikomo ku maboko yose; yinjiye indani abantu bose baraceceka; aba polices bafise amatsiko yukubona umuntu yaciye ibintu mugihugu,yari icamamare.
Umucamanza yagaragaje ugutangara n'ukwitegereza MANDELA umwanya munini yari yaratigitishine igihugu.
Mumajambo yiwe aho kwiregura yahinduye urubanza urubuga rwa politique agira ati:
"Mparanira kugira umuryango uresha kandi urangwa na demokarasi ndetse ico ni icipfuzo niteguye gupfira."
Uwo musi MAndela yakatiwe gufungwa imyaka 5.
Bagenzi we harimwo SIZULU baremesheje abantu maze babizeza ko MANDELA atazomara imyaka itanu bagiiye gufata igihugu bagahita bamurekura.
Ivyiyumviro vyabo zari indoto kuko nabo bariko barondererwa uko bofatwa.
Bitunguranye l'etat yakoze isakwa maze hafatwa impapuro zishira MANDELA na bagenzi we muntambara ico gihe ntivyatinze nabo bahise bafatwa basanga MANDELA mw'ibohero gusa kuri ubu igihano cabo kwari ukumanikwa.
Bidatinze baje imbere y'abacamanza kugira ngo bakatirwe.
MANDELA yahora muri gereza ategura inyandiko azovuga ku musi w'ikatirwa ryiwe bamuhaye ijambo agira ati:
"Mucamanza; ni je wa mbere uregwa; narwanije ikandamizwa ry'abirabure ndetse n'iryabazungu; nipfuza umuryango uresha kandi urangwa na demokarasi aho abanya Africa y'epfo bose bibona kandi bakisanzura. Ivyo nzama ndabivuga kanda ndaciteguye nukubipfira".
Kuri iyi ncuro MANDELA na bagenzi we bakatiwe gufungwa ubuzima bwabo bwose.
Guhera uwo musi amabarabara yuzuye abigaragamvya biyamiriza iyo ngingo ari nakwo police yicamwo beshi.
Le13/6/1964 burijwe indege bajanwa Loben iland ahantu hakanye cane; abagabo Morale yaheze biyumvira ingene bagiye kumara imyaka yabo yose basutamye mu gasho.
Loben iland kari agasho kafungirwamwo abanyavyaha ruhebwa ndetse imfungwa zigakoresha ubuzi bw'agahato.
MANDELA yari afise imyaka 46 yarunda amabuye buri musi akoresheje inkorofani nta mwanya wokuruhuka bagira.
Abafungwa babuzwa kuvuga ndetse no mukurya bakaguma banumye atanuwuryogora.
Bari bemerewe kwandikira imiryango yabo 1 mu mezi 6 amakete yose agacishwa kubayobozi bakayasoma izaba zirimo amajambo badakunze bakazivanamwo.
MANDELA yahimvye amayeri masha yugusuzugura abazungu; iyo batonze agaca ku mirongo ya bagenzi we akababwira ngo ntibacike intege.
yabwiye benewabo ati ni bababwira ngo genda buhoro muze muvuduka mwiruke; bababwiye kwiruka mugende buhoro.
MANDELA yatanguye gusuzugura abazungu akabibereka iyo babajanye nabi akababwira ati mutwitondeshe ntinturi imifuko y'ibigori.
Bagenzi we batanguye gukora ivyo babwiwe na MANDELA aho gukora ivyo babwiwe n'abacunga agasho.
Batanguye kurondera uwihishe inyuma y'ivyo vyose basanga ni MANDELA iturufu ikomeye kuko yahise afatwa nk'umuyobozi w'abafungwa kuko yababwiriza bakumva.
MANDELA yabuze umuhungu wiwe aguye mumpanuka asaba kuja kumushingura baramwankira yarihanganye ntiyerekana agahinda.
Abansi biwe batanguye gukoresha umuryango wiwe ngo bamuce intege;
Ikinyamakuru canditse inkuru ivuga ko umugore wiwe Winnie yinjiriwe n'uwundi mugabo maze bagishira imbere y'icumba ca Mandela; nyuma yukugisoma yagihaye abacunga agasho ababwira ko yagisanze iwiwe kandi bitemerewe gutunga ibinyamakuru mu gasho. kuko bari bazi ko yanka gucibwa inyuma bamubajije uti urabivugako iki? Yabishuye ati "ivyo ni ibinyoma simfatwa n'ibihimbano;umugore wanje baramubeshera."
MANDELA yari afise agasuzuguro keshi ku bazungu bari baramuhaye abamucunga 8 ngo bamumare amarere gusa akama yabaciye amazi.
Imyaka 12 yaraheze MANDELA ari Loben iland gutunga amajwi yiwe canke foto yiwe cari icaha gihanwa n'amategeko.
Ku ruvyiruko rwo muri soweto MANDELA ntiyari kubava mumutwe; umusi umwe hafi y'inzu ya Mandela yari soweto urwaruka rwakoze imyigaragamvyo rwiyamiriza ikoreshwa ry'ururimi rw'iki Afrikanse mu mashure ngiyi intango y'ubwicanyi bwa 1976; ibihumbi amajana vyarishwe; ibihumbi bihunga igihugu; abandi bajugunywa mu busho.
Urwaruka rwipfuza kujanwa gufungirwa Loben iland aho MANDELA yari babajanyeyo koko n'ibineza vyishi bavuga ko bagiye gufatanya n'umutama w'amateka MANDELA.
Bakigerayo batanguye gukoresha umujinya bakanka kuniganwa ijambo batangura kumenagura ibintu; iturufu yabo yari itandukanye cane niya MANDELA yakora ibintu mumutuzo mbere vyaje kugira n'umumaro kuko vyatumye bakurirwaho imirimo y'agahato; batangura kwigira mu gasho ndetse bava no kuma kabutura batangura kwambara ama pantaro.
MANDELA yakomeje kwandikira amakete L'etat n'inama nshingamateka kugeza ubwo uwari Ministre w'amabohere JIMMY KLUGGER yiyiziye Loben iland.
Iki gihe abajejwe ibohero babwiye abafungwa gutegura neza aho barara ndetse nabo bakambara neza kugira ngo baze kuba basa neza.
Abafungwa b'uruvyiruko baravyanse ahubwo bicafuza kuruta ariko MANDELA we aroga ndetse anambara neza ikintu caciye intege b'abasore kuko babona ko yamaze gucika intege kandi ariwe bari bizeye.
Hanze imyigaragamvyo yarakomeje ariko Mandela asa nkuwibagiranywe burundu.
1977 hatumiwe abanyamakuru mpuz'amakungu ngo baze gusura ahafungiwe inkozi z'ikibi barabe n'ingene bafashwe neza.
Barash*tse binjira mu vyumva vyiza imbohe zararamwo; ica MANDELA cari No 466 bacinjiyemo; basanga gishashe neza harimwo isomero ry'ibitabo; n'ivyamwa vyo kurya mu gihe yobishaka;
Ariko MANDELA ndetse na bagenzi we siho bari bari. bari mu mirimo y'agahato; ikinyoma cambaye ubusa capanzwe na MANDELA ico gihe abashinzwe ibohero bakozwe n'isoni dore ko n'imirimo yagahato yari yaraciwe.
Imyaka yaratambutse ari mugasho; Winnie yakora ibi rometero 1600 kuva soweto kugera Loben iland agiye kumarana iminota 30 na mandela kuko ariyo babaha.
Kuva MANDELA afungwa Winnie n'abakobwa biwe bakubiswe keshi bagafungwa keshi ndetse n'akavuriro kabo karaturirwa
WINNIE yahora mubinyamakuru ndetse avugana n'abantu bahambaye yaramamaye ndetse kubera we izina rya MANDELA ryagarutse mu bantu kuko yavuga mw'izina rya MANDELA akagira ati:
"hari umusi muri iki gihugu buri muntu azotora uwo ashatse kandi hajaho intwaro yatowe na beshi; intwaro izoba ihagije bose kandi izoba iyobowe na MANDELA".
1980 abantu bongeye kuja mwibarabara Winnie ariwe abayoboye agira ati:
"Igihe c'amajambo n'ibiganiro caraheze nta nkoho dufise ariko dufise ijambo rishaka ubwigenge bwacu".
Uruvyiruko rwafasha ubu butumwa nk'intwaro yuguhana abazungu ariko PETER OBOTE yari president ntiyaripfana ahita yishura ati:
"Ntituzocika intege nk'igihugu c'abazungu nta n'ibiganiro nshaka bizotuma abirabure baba beshi mubutegetsi bwa africa y'epfo".
President OBOTE yari yarizihiwe n'ivangura ariko umukino ntiwatevye kumurenga kuko inama y'umutekano yari itanguye kwiga uko MANDELA yorekurwa ariko president avuga ko hagomba gukoreshwa uburyo MANDELA atazosubira muri politique.
MANDELA iyo yari ntiyatinze kuvyumva maze atazuyaje abicishije ku mukobwa wiwe yishura president agira ati :
"Data aragira ati president niwe akwiye kuva ku bikorwa vy'akaduruvayo n'ivangura; Data arongera ati, ubwigenge bwiwe n'ubwanyu ni intatandukanywa kandi azogaruka." Aho Mandela yari amaze imyaka 21 mu gasho.
Mu ntango za 1980 MANDELA na bagenzi we bahinduriwe i bohero baja gufungirwa ukwabo; MANDELA yabonanye n'abategetsi beshi harimwo na ministre w'ubutungane. Bose bamugendera basa nkaho bari mu myumvikano mu buryo bw'ibanga; MANDELA yababereye ibamba maze ababwira ko mbere yuko bavugana ANC igomba kubanza kwemerwa nk'umugambwe uharanira iciza apana umurwi w'itera bwoba.
1988 MANDELA yarwaye igituntu; maze L'etat igira ubwoba kuko aramutse apfuye bizovugwa ko aribo bamwishe.
Ico gihe Mandela yahise ajanwa munzu ya wenyene ahitwa Victor verster; yari inzu nzinza ndetse ifise na Pissine.
Bagenzi we bishimiye kubona ameze neza kuko yarasigaye anambara na costume gusa bakishiramwo ko l'etat yamwigaruriye mbere ko yabavuyemwo.
MANDELA yongeye guhagurutswa n'iyicwa ry'umunywanyi yari akomeye yitwa Stompi Sepei; uru rupfu rwaramurakaje maze agira ati:
"Umwansi ntabwo azitanga ariko ico asigaranye ni ingabo ziwe zonyene".
MANDELA yari yahereye kera asaba umubonano na president OBOTE ngo amusabe ko yofungura WALTEL SIZULU igihe carageza umubonano urategurwa.
Umusi warageze barahura ku ncuro ya mbere mubuzima.
MANDELA yaganiriye na president mu cubahiro cishi; ndetse bose basa nkabaruhutse mu mutima.
Hanyuma MANDELA azamura ikibazo ca WALTEL SIZULU;
President OBOTE yagaragara nkuwatangaye yabwiye MANDELA ko bazobireba.
Ntivyatinze nyuma y'amezi 3 yonyene WALTEL SIZULU na bagenzi we bararekuwe; aha hagaragaye ugutsindwa kwa l'etat kuko bari barabakatiye ugufungwa burundu none bakaba babarekuye ata n'ikigongwe basavye.
Nyuma President PETER OBOTE yararwaye; arapfa.
Uwamusimbuye Frederick De Clerk yaje ari nk'imana kubanywanyi ba ANC.
Isi yose yari itegerejeko agira ico akora.
Hashize imisi mike De Clerk yavuze icari gitegerejwe:
"L'etat yafashe icemezo cukurekura MANDELA atakindi asabwe kandi ndavuga nshimitse ko ngiye kubigira vuba."
Aho MANDELA yari amaze imyaka 27 afunzwe.
UMUSI NTIBAGIRANWA W'IVYISHIMO
Le 11/2/1990 isi yose yari ihanze amaso kuma TV baraba uko MADIBA; NELSON MANDELA agendesha ibirenge vyiwe k'ubutaka bwa Africa y'epfo yidegemvya.
Inzozi zari zimaze imyaka myishi zari zibaye impamo.
Nyuma hateguwe amatora yigenga maze
Le 10/5/1994 arahirira kuba president wa
Africa y'epfo.
Yatwaye Imyaka 5 itarenga maze ahita arekera abandi avuga ati ico naharanira kwari ukubona Igihugu cacu c'igenga sinaharanira intebe ya president.
Le5/12/2013 yari inkuru mbi kw'isi yose aho NELSON MANDELA yari apfuye afite imyaka 95.
Mbese nyuma ya MANDELA africa y'epfo isanzwe irimwo abazungu beshi yifashe gute? Imigambwe yaho imeze gute?
Ni munyandiko yacu ikurikira.
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Written by: Freddy
