08/09/2023
UNelson Mandela: Ilifa leNkuthalo kunye noTshintsho
UNelson Mandela, igama elithetha intonye nokunyamezela kunye nomlo wobulungisa, washiya uphawu olungacimekiyo kwihlabathi ngokuzinikela kwakhe okungagungqiyo kukulingana nenkululeko. Wazalwa ngomhla we-18 kweyeKhala, ngo-1918, kwilali encinci eMzantsi Afrika, uhambo lukaMandela lwaluza kumthatha ukusuka kwelona siqalo liphantsi ukuya ekubeni ngumqondiso wethemba lehlabathi.
Ubomi bukaMandela bachazwa ngokuzinikela kwakhe ekupheliseni ucalucalulo, inkqubo yocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga olusekelwe kwiziko olwathi lwathwaxa uMzantsi Afrika amashumi eminyaka. Wajoyina i-African National Congress (ANC) kwaye ngokukhawuleza wenyuka kwizikhundla, ekhuthaza ukuchaswa ngokungenabundlobongela kucalucalulo. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko uqhanqalazo olunoxolo lwaluhlangatyezwana nobundlobongela obuvela kurhulumente, uMandela kunye noogxa bakhe bagqiba kwelokuba amanyathelo aqatha ayimfuneko.
Ngomnyaka ka 1961, uMandela waseka uMkhonto weSizwe (uMkhonto weSizwe), iphiko elixhobileyo leANC. Oku kwaphawula inguqu kubutshantliziyo bakhe, njengoko waqonda imfuneko yomzabalazo wezigalo ukuze kuphunyezwe ubulungisa. Ukuzinikela kwakhe kwesi sizathu kwakhokelela ekubanjweni kwakhe ngowe-1962, yaye wayeza kuchitha iminyaka engama-27 elandelayo yobomi bakhe evalelwe.
Ngexesha lokuvalelwa kwakhe, uMandela waba ngumqondiso wehlabathi jikelele wokuchasana nocalucalulo. Wanyamezela iimeko ezinzima nokuba likheswa, kodwa umoya wakhe wahlala uqinile. Ukukhululwa kwakhe ngo-1990 kwahlangatyezwana nemincili kwaye kwaphawula ukuqala kwexesha elitsha eMzantsi Afrika.
Ubunkokheli obumangalisayo bukaMandela ngexesha lokutshintshela kwidemokhrasi baphawulwa luxolelwaniso noxolelo. Wakuqonda ukubaluleka kokuphilisa isizwe esahlulelene ngokunzulu waza wasebenza ngokuzimisela ukwakha idemokhrasi yeentlanga ezininzi. Ngo-1994, waba ngumongameli wokuqala ontsundu waseMzantsi Afrika, impumelelo enkulu ebonisa ukoyisa kobulungisa phezu kwengcinezelo.
