23/06/2025
Which European Countries Colonized Africa?
Between the 1880s and 1914, during the Scramble for Africa, European powers divided and colonized nearly the entire African continent. Here's a simplified overview of which countries colonized
where:
🇬🇧 Britain Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya, Uganda, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Sierra Leone, The Gambia, Sudan, Malawi, Botswana, British Somaliland, Egypt (shared with France)
🇫🇷 France Senegal, Mali, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso, Benin, Niger, Chad, Guinea, Algeria, Tunisia, Madagascar, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville), Djibouti, Morocco (shared with Spain)
🇩🇪 Germany (before World War I) Tanzania, Namibia, Cameroon, Togo
🇧🇪 Belgium Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Burundi
🇵🇹 Portugal Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde, São Tomé and Príncipe
🇮🇹 Italy Libya, Italian Somaliland, Eritrea, briefly Ethiopia (1936–1941)
🇪🇸 Spain Equatorial Guinea, Western Sahara, parts of Morocco
🌍 Independent Nations Only Liberia and Ethiopia remained independent during this period.
The legacy of colonization still shapes Africa’s borders, languages, and economies today.